Plant resistance and predators influence the density dependence of herbivore survival and distribution of herbivory.

Plant resistance and predators can influence density-dependent survivorship and growth of herbivores, and their damage to plants. Although the independent effects of plant resistance and predators on herbivores and herbivory are well known, little is known about their interactive and density-dependent effects on herbivores and the amount and distribution of damage on plants. These relationships are important for understanding how herbivore and plant populations influence each other.

Implementing a Needs Assessment to Advance Health Equity in Overdose Prevention and Surveillance Initiatives.

Objectives: State, local, and federal agencies have expanded efforts to address the root causes of overdoses, including health inequity and related social determinants of health. As an Overdose Data to Action (OD2A) technical assistance provider, the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) conducted the first national needs assessment to understand capacity and technical assistance needs of OD2A jurisdictions in advancing health equity.

Methods: ASTHO designed and disseminated the OD2A Recipient Health Equity Needs Assessment (RHENA) to 66 OD2A-funded jurisdictions from February to March 2022.

Barriers to retention in medications for opioid use disorder treatment in real-world practice.

Background: Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) are an effective method to treat persons with opioid use disorder (OUD). Longer treatment times are associated with better health outcomes, yet treatment retention rates remain low. This study aimed to assess patient characteristics and experiences associated with retention in treatment.

Intraoperative Assessment of Stability in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Novel Method Utilizing Implant Collinearity.

Background: Hip dislocation remains a leading cause of revision following total hip arthroplasty, and intraoperative assessment of acetabular positioning can be difficult to perform. There are multiple clinical tests, as well as computer and robotic techniques, that aim to reduce dislocation rates after hip arthroplasty. These approaches aim to optimize the relationship between acetabular and femoral component positioning.

Climate data from the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory (1975-2022).

The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory (RMBL; Colorado, USA) is the site for many research projects spanning decades, taxa, and research fields from ecology to evolutionary biology to hydrology and beyond. Climate is the focus of much of this work and provides important context for the rest. There are five major sources of data on climate in the RMBL vicinity, each with unique variables, formats, and temporal coverage.

Skewness in bee and flower phenological distributions.

Phenological distributions are characterized by their central tendency, breadth, and shape, and all three determine the extent to which interacting species overlap in time. Pollination mutualisms rely on temporal co-occurrence of pollinators and their floral resources, and although much work has been done to characterize the shapes of flower phenological distributions, similar studies that include pollinators are lacking. Here, we provide the first broad assessment of skewness, a component of distribution shape, for a bee community.

Achieving Reductions in Opioid Dispensing: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of State-Level Efforts to Improve Prescribing.

Objective: To determine whether any combinations of state-level public health activities were necessary or sufficient to reduce prescription opioid dispensing.

Design: We examined 2016-2019 annual progress reports, 2014-2019 national opioid dispensing data (IQVIA), and interview data from states to categorize activities. We used crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis to determine which program activities, individually or in combination, were necessary or sufficient for a better than average decrease in morphine milligram equivalent (MME) per capita.

County-level sociodemographic differences in availability of two medications for opioid use disorder: United States, 2019.

Background: Differences in availability of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) buprenorphine and methadone exist. Factors that may influence such differences in availability include sociodemographic characteristics but research in this area is limited. We explore the association between county-level sociodemographic factors and MOUD treatment availability.

Understanding State-Level Variations in Implementing Academic Detailing for Prescribing Opioids: Findings from 11 States Within the United States.

Objective: Academic detailing is a clinical education technique characterized by targeted, one-on-one, interactive conversations between trained staff and the clinician. This study describes variations in implementing academic detailing among jurisdictions receiving funding from the U.S.

Association between county-level sociodemographic characteristics and county-level differences in opioid dispensing.

Background: While overall opioid prescribing has been decreasing in the United States, the rates of prescribing at the county level have been variable. Previous studies show that social determinants of health (the social and economic conditions in which we live) may play a role in opioid prescribing; however, researchers have not examined this relationship across US counties. This cross-sectional study seeks to determine whether county-level sociodemographic characteristics (e.

The impact of community-level prevention strategies on high-dose opioid dispensing rates: 2014-2019.

Background: Prescription opioids played a major role in the current opioid overdose epidemic. High rates of opioid prescribing and dispensing exposed many people to opioids, and high-dose opioid prescriptions (e.g.

State-led opioid overdose prevention efforts: Challenges, solutions and lessons learned from the CDC Prevention for States Program (PfS).

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Prevention for States (PfS) program funded 29 state health departments to prevent opioid overdose by implementing evidence-based prevention strategies. The objectives of this analysis were to describe the scope of activities implemented across the four PfS strategies and identify implementation challenges. PfS recipients submitted annual progress reports (APRs) to state support staff at CDC from 2015 to 2017.

Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light chain, but not tau, are biomarkers of sports-related mild traumatic brain injury.

Mild traumatic brain injury is a relatively common event in contact sports and there is increasing interest in the long-term neurocognitive effects. The diagnosis largely relies on symptom reporting and there is a need for objective tools to aid diagnosis and prognosis. There are recent reports that blood biomarkers could potentially help triage patients with suspected injury and normal CT findings.

Risk factors for candidaemia: A prospective multi-centre case-control study.

Objectives: Candidaemia carries a mortality of up to 40% and may be related to increasing complexity of medical care. Here, we determined risk factors for the development of candidaemia.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, multi-centre, case-control study over 12 months.

Integrating top-down and bottom-up effects of local density across scales and a complex life cycle.

Effects of group size (local conspecific density) on individual performance can be substantial, yet it is unclear how these translate to larger-scale and longer-term outcomes. Effects of group size can be mediated by both top-down and bottom-up interactions, can change in type or direction across the life cycle, and can depend on the spatial scale at which group size is assessed. Only by determining how these different processes combine can we make predictions about how selection operates on group size or link hierarchical patterns of density dependence with population dynamics.

Natal-habitat experience mediates the relationship between insect and hostplant densities.

For some animals, the habitat which they first experience can influence the type of habitat which they select later in life and, thus, potentially their population distribution and dynamics. However, for many insect herbivores, whose natal habitat may consist of a single hostplant, the consequences of natal hostplant experience remain untested in landscapes relevant to the adult, which may select not only among plants, but among plant patches. As a first step towards understanding how natal hostplant experience shapes patterns of insect feeding damage in landscapes relevant to adults, we conducted partially caged field experiments with diamondback moths that were reared on either mustard or collard plants and then allowed to choose among and within patches of plants that varied in plant density and composition.

Increases in methamphetamine use among heroin treatment admissions in the United States, 2008-17.

Background And Aims: Due to their small sample sizes, geographic specificity and limited examination of socio-demographic characteristics, recent studies of methamphetamine use among people using heroin in the United States are limited in their ability to identify national and regional trends and to characterize populations at risk for using heroin and methamphetamine. This study aimed to examine trends and correlates of methamphetamine use among heroin treatment admissions in the United States.

Design: Longitudinal analysis of data from the 2008 to 2017 Treatment Episode Data Set.

Evaluation of Educational Interventions to Enhance Adolescent Specific Vaccination Coverage.

Background: In this study, we assessed impact of two educational interventions designed to increase coverage of three vaccines recommended during adolescence among Georgia middle and high school students (tetanus diphtheria pertussis [Tdap], meningococcal [MenACWY], and human papillomavirus [HPV] vaccines).

Methods: We randomized 11 middle and high schools in one school district into one of three arms: (1) control; (2) educational intervention for parents only (P only); and (3) multicomponent educational intervention for parents and adolescents (P + A), which consisted of educational brochures for parents about vaccines recommended during adolescence and a vaccine-focused curriculum delivered to adolescents by science teachers. We obtained vaccination coverage data during intervention years from the state immunization registry.

Candidaemia and a risk predictive model for overall mortality: a prospective multicentre study.

Background: Candidaemia is associated with high mortality. Variables associated with mortality have been published previously, but not developed into a risk predictive model for mortality. We sought to describe the current epidemiology of candidaemia in Australia, analyse predictors of 30-day all-cause mortality, and develop and validate a mortality risk predictive model.

Interannual bumble bee abundance is driven by indirect climate effects on floral resource phenology.

Climate change can influence consumer populations both directly, by affecting survival and reproduction, and indirectly, by altering resources. However, little is known about the relative importance of direct and indirect effects, particularly for species important to ecosystem functioning, like pollinators. We used structural equation modelling to test the importance of direct and indirect (via floral resources) climate effects on the interannual abundance of three subalpine bumble bee species.

Increased consumer density reduces the strength of neighborhood effects in a model system.

An individual's susceptibility to attack can be influenced by conspecific and heterospecifics neighbors. Predicting how these neighborhood effects contribute to population-level processes such as competition and evolution requires an understanding of how the strength of neighborhood effects is modified by changes in the abundances of both consumers and neighboring resource species. We show for the first time that consumer density can interact with the density and frequency of neighboring organisms to determine the magnitude of neighborhood effects.