Robust and interpretable AI-guided marker for early dementia prediction in real-world clinical settings.

Background: Predicting dementia early has major implications for clinical management and patient outcomes. Yet, we still lack sensitive tools for stratifying patients early, resulting in patients being undiagnosed or wrongly diagnosed. Despite rapid expansion in machine learning models for dementia prediction, limited model interpretability and generalizability impede translation to the clinic.

GenBank 2025 update.

GenBank® (https://www.ncbi.nlm.

Dementia in-patient units in psychiatric hospitals: research priority setting.

Aims And Method: Dementia in-patient units (DIU) are mental health wards that care for people living with dementia (PLWD) whose symptoms are causing severe distress or potential risk. DIUs look after some of the most vulnerable and unwell people in society, yet they are environments that are underresearched: a recent systematic review revealed only 36 articles worldwide relating to DIUs. To better understand research priorities in DIUs, we undertook a two-round online Delphi survey of PLWD with experience of DIUs, their carers and professionals who work in DIUs.

Temporal trends in population attributable fractions of modifiable risk factors for dementia: a time-series study of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2004-2019).

Background: Interest in modifiable risk factors (MRFs) for dementia is high, given the personal, social, and economic impact of the disorder, especially in ageing societies such as the United Kingdom. Exploring the population attributable fraction (PAF) of dementia attributable to MRFs and how this may have changed over time remains unclear. Unravelling the temporal dynamics of MRFs is crucial for informing the development of evidence-based and effective public health policies.

Protocol for a double-blind placebo-controlled randomised controlled trial assessing the impact of oral semaglutide in amyloid positivity (ISAP) in community dwelling UK adults.

Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), currently marketed for type 2 diabetes and obesity, may offer novel mechanisms to delay or prevent neurotoxicity associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The impact of semaglutide in amyloid positivity (ISAP) trial is investigating whether the GLP-1 RA semaglutide reduces accumulation in the brain of cortical tau protein and neuroinflammation in individuals with preclinical/prodromal AD.

Methods And Analysis: ISAP is an investigator-led, randomised, double-blind, superiority trial of oral semaglutide compared with placebo.

Predicting patients with dementia most at risk of needing psychiatric in-patient or enhanced community care using routinely collected clinical data: retrospective multi-site cohort study.

Background: Dementia is a common and progressive condition whose prevalence is growing worldwide. It is challenging for healthcare systems to provide continuity in clinical services for all patients from diagnosis to death.

Aims: To test whether individuals who are most likely to need enhanced care later in the disease course can be identified at the point of diagnosis, thus allowing the targeted intervention.

Characteristics, outcomes, facilitators and barriers for psychosocial interventions on inpatient mental health dementia wards: a systematic review.

Background: The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines state that psychosocial interventions should be the first line of treatment for people with dementia who are experiencing distress behaviours, such as agitation and depression. However, little is known about the characteristics and outcomes of psychosocial interventions or the facilitators and barriers to implementation on inpatient mental health dementia wards which provide care for people with dementia who are often experiencing high levels of distress.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted on MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, and Scopus in May 2023, following PRISMA guidelines.

Neurocircuitry underlying the actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY in the suppression of food, drug-seeking, and anxiogenesis.

Obesity is a critical health condition worldwide that increases the risks of comorbid chronic diseases, but it can be managed with weight loss. However, conventional interventions relying on diet and exercise are inadequate for achieving and maintaining weight loss, thus there is significant market interest for pharmaceutical anti-obesity agents. For decades, receptor agonists for the gut peptide glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) featured prominently in anti-obesity medications by suppressing appetite and food reward to elicit rapid weight loss.

Dementia care pathways in prisons - a comprehensive scoping review.

Background: The number of older people in prison is growing. As a result, there will also be more prisoners suffering from dementia. The support and management of this population is likely to present multiple challenges to the prison system.

Factors That Influence Meeting the Recommended Weekly Physical Activity Target Among Older People With Physical Multimorbidity: Evidence From 6 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Background: There is a scarcity of studies on the association between physical multimorbidity and lower levels of physical activity among older adults from low- and middle-income countries, while the potential mediating variables in this association are largely unknown.

Methods: Cross-sectional, community-based, nationally representative data from the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health were analyzed. Data on 11 chronic physical conditions were collected.

The Use of Immersive Virtual Reality in Sensory Sessions on a Specialist Dementia Unit: Service Evaluation of Feasibility and Acceptability.

This service evaluation reviewed inclusion of Immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) relaxation activities as part of routine occupational therapy sensory sessions on a specialist dementia unit. Twenty-five sessions were completed over 13 wk with 14 participants. Nine participants chose to engage in multiple sessions.

Experiences of hospice dementia care: A qualitative study of bereaved carers and hospice clinicians.

Background: Nearly 50 million people worldwide have dementia and the increasing numbers requiring end-of-life and palliative care, has led to national efforts to define standards of care for this patient group. Little research, however, has been done to date about the experience of hospice care for people with dementia accessing these services. This study explores the views of hospice dementia care for bereaved carers of people with dementia and hospice clinicians.

Relationship between severe mental illness and physical multimorbidity: a meta-analysis and call for action.

Background: People with severe mental illness (SMI) have a higher prevalence of several chronic physical health conditions, and the prevalence of physical multimorbidity is expected to rise. The aim of this study was to assess the strength of the association between SMI and physical multimorbidity.

Study Selection And Analysis: We systematically searched PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO and the behavioural sciences collection databases, from inception to 31 January 2023, for studies that investigated the association between SMI and physical multimorbidity.

Eating disorders and physical multimorbidity in the English general population.

Purpose: People with eating disorders may be at increased risk for physical health problems, but there are no data on the relationship between eating disorders and physical multimorbidity (i.e., ≥ 2 physical conditions) and its potential mediators.

Practice Perspectives on Care Coordination in Rural Settings.

Purpose: Social needs and nonmedical health determinants are increasingly incorporated into care coordination models. However, little is known about the practice of operationalizing enhanced care coordination, particularly in rural settings. The objective of this study was to determine care coordination practices in rural settings that integrate social services with health care.

Food insecurity and subjective cognitive complaints among adults aged ≥ 65 years from low- and middle-income countries.

Purpose: To date, no study has investigated the association between food insecurity and subjective cognitive complaints (SCC). Thus, the aims of the present study were to examine this association among older adults in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and to identify the potential mediators in this association, given the importance of SCC in dementia risk among older people, and the projected particularly large increase in dementia in this setting.

Methods: Cross-sectional, community-based, nationally representative data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) collected between 2007 and 2010 were analyzed.

Including older people in health and social care research: best practice recommendations based on the INCLUDE framework.

Background: Older people are often explicitly or implicitly excluded from research, in particular clinical trials. This means that study findings may not be applicable to them, or that older people may not be offered treatments due to an absence of evidence.

Aims: The aim of this work was to develop recommendations to guide all research relevant to older people.

Pain and mild cognitive impairment among adults aged 50 years and above residing in low- and middle-income countries.

Background: Previous studies on the association between pain and cognitive decline or impairment have yielded mixed results, while studies from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) or specifically on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are scarce. Thus, we investigated the association between pain and MCI in LMICs and quantified the extent to which perceived stress, sleep/energy problems, and mobility limitations explain the pain/MCI relationship.

Methods: Data analysis of cross-sectional data from six LMICs from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) were performed.

Trends in Gender and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Physical Disability and Social Support Among U.S. Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment Living Alone, 2000-2018.

Background And Objectives: Informal care is the primary source of support for older adults with cognitive impairment, yet is less available to those who live alone. We examined trends in the prevalence of physical disability and social support among older adults with cognitive impairment living alone in the United States.

Research Design And Methods: We analyzed 10 waves of data from the U.

Family experiences of inpatient mental health care for people with dementia.

Introduction: This study investigates family carers experiences of inpatient mental health care for people with dementia. A mental health inpatient admission for a person with dementia is usually considered when a person is distressed and this distress leads to behaviours that are assessed to be risky for the person or others.

Methods: Participants included seven family carers whose relative with dementia had been cared for within a mental health ward in the United Kingdom UK within the last 5 years.

Investigating the impact of music therapy on two in-patient psychiatric wards for people living with dementia: retrospective observational study.

Background: Music therapy can lift mood and reduce agitation for people living with dementia (PwD) in community and residential care settings, potentially reducing the prevalence of distress behaviours. However, less is known about the impact of music therapy on in-patient psychiatric wards for PwD.

Aims: To investigate the impact of music therapy on two in-patient psychiatric wards for PwD.