Ocular adverse events associated with platins: a disproportionality analysis of pharmacovigilance data and extensive systematic review of case reports.

Background: Anti-cancer drugs, particularly platinum-based chemotherapy drugs, have been showing ocular adverse events (OAEs) in patients undergoing chemotherapy, which is concerning due to the potential impact on patient's quality of life and the ability to continue effective cancer treatment.

Research Design And Methods: A retrospective case/non-case study was conducted using spontaneous reports on OAEs by platins from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. A disproportionality analysis was performed by calculating the Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), and the Information Component (IC) to identify OAE signals for platinum-based chemotherapy drugs.

Characteristics of isoniazid-induced psychosis: a systematic review of case reports and case series.

Purpose: Isoniazid, a first-line antitubercular drug, is associated with nervous system adverse drug reactions such as seizures, peripheral neuropathy, and psychosis. This systematic review of case reports and case series aimed to characterize the demographic, social, and clinical factors associated with isoniazid-induced psychosis in patients with active tuberculosis (TB) and those who received isoniazid for latent TB infection (LTBI).

Methods: We comprehensively searched the Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases to identify relevant studies published between the date of inception of the database and June 2024.

Efficacy and safety of luseogliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Owing to the absence of the most recent evidence on the efficacy and safety of luseogliflozin, our study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of luseogliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: A comprehensive search of electronic databases like PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar was performed from the inception to the 31 of August 2023 to identify the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the glucose and body weight lowering efficacy and safety outcomes of luseogliflozin in comparison with control or other active treatments. The fixed or random-effect model was used based on the heterogeneity identified using the I statistic and Cochran's Q test.

Assessment of disease pattern and drug utilization among neurology intensive care unit patients in a developing country: an observational analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the disease pattern and drug utilization among admitted patients in a tertiary-care hospital's neurology intensive care unit (neuro ICU).

Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted between August 2022 and January 2023. Patients of any age and gender admitted to the neuro ICU were included, but those who declined to participate were excluded.

Risk of pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma for anti-diabetic medications: findings from real-world safety data analysis and systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: The existing evidence from pre- and post-marketing studies is conflicting on the risk of pancreatic events for anti-diabetic medications.

Research Design And Methods: A retrospective case/non-case study was conducted by using spontaneous reports on pancreatic events for anti-diabetic medications from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and VigiBase. Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), and Information Component (IC) were calculated by a disproportionality analysis.

Risk of serious skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders for nimesulide among the pediatric population: a jeopardy identified through the analysis of global individual case safety reports.

Background: The safety reports arising currently on nimesulide are divulging the jeopardy of skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (SSTDs).

Research Design And Methods: The global individual case safety reports on nimesulide-induced SSTDs available at VigiBase® were analyzed up to 31 March 2023. Disproportionality analyses viz.

Prevalence of Cognitive Decline in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Real-World Cross-Sectional Study in Mysuru, India.

The goal of this research is to study the prevalence of cognitive impairment in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and establish the necessity of detecting and treating it early in these patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Mysuru for 4 months examined diabetic patients (test) and nondiabetic subjects (control) for cognitive decline using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool. Cognitive functions such as visuospatial/executive function, naming, attention, language, abstraction, delayed recall, and orientation were assessed in both groups.

Impact of medical conditions and medications received during pregnancy on adverse birth outcomes: A hospital-based prospective case-control study.

Purpose: In view of the raising rate of adverse birth outcomes (ABOs) across the globe, this study was conducted to assess the impact of medical conditions and medications received during pregnancy on ABOs.

Materials And Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a tertiary care hospital over a period of 3 years from July 2015 to June 2018. Liveborn and stillborn neonates included in the study were categorized into cases and controls based on the presence or absence of composite ABOs, respectively.

Effect of L-Carnosine in Patients with Age-Related Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: L-carnosine has been found to have multimodal activity.

Aim: The aim of this review was to find out the efficacy of L-carnosine in patients with age-related diseases.

Methods: Clinical studies evaluated the effect of L-carnosine on cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders were searched in electronic bibliographic databases.

Effect of garlic extract on markers of lipid metabolism and inflammation in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Several preclinical studies have focused on the beneficial effects of garlic on cardiovascular diseases, but the results were inconsistent. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of garlic powder tablets and aged garlic extract (AGE) in CAD patients, mainly focusing on blood pressure, coronary artery calcification, lipid profile, and inflammatory markers. We searched PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar to identify randomized controlled trials which examined garlic's effect on CAD patients.

Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of isoniazid preventive therapy for tuberculosis in people living with HIV.

Objective: The aim of this study was to systematically assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for tuberculosis (TB) in people with HIV (PWH).

Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: A thorough literature search was performed using PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar from their inception to June 30, 2021.

SGLT2 inhibitors associated pancreatitis: signal identification through disproportionality analysis of spontaneous reports and review of case reports.

Background: In recent times, pancreatitis has been one of the most frequently reported adverse events for sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.

Aim: To evaluate the potential association between SGLT2 inhibitors and the risk of pancreatitis by analyzing the spontaneous reports through disproportionality analysis and reviewing case reports.

Method: A retrospective case/non-case study was conducted using spontaneous reports from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), VigiBase, and the Canadian Adverse Reaction Database (CARD).

Comparative efficacy and safety of oral nifedipine with other antihypertensive medications in the management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are the most frequently occurring medical condition during pregnancy, resulting in fetal and/or maternal morbidity and mortality. This meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of nifedipine with other antihypertensive medications used in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Methodology: A comprehensive search was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar.

Antifungal therapy in the management of fungal secondary infections in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: The prevalence of fungal secondary infections among COVID-19 patients and efficacy of antifungal therapy used in such patients is still unknown. Hence, we conducted this study to find the prevalence of fungal secondary infections among COVID-19 patients and patient outcomes in terms of recovery or all-cause mortality following antifungal therapy (AFT) in such patients.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed®, Scopus®, Web of Sciences™, The Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrial.

Macrolides versus placebo for chronic asthma.

Background: Asthma is a chronic disease in which inflammation of the airways causes symptomatic wheezing, coughing and difficult breathing. Macrolides are antibiotics with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities that have been explored for the long-term control of asthma symptoms.

Objectives: To assess the effects of macrolides compared with placebo for managing chronic asthma.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Cost Burden of Fall-Related Hospital Admissions in india.

To assess prevalence, risk factors, and cost burden of fall-related hospital admissions among older people in India. Previous studies conducted in India have not focused on the number of fall-related hospital admissions.
A prospective observational study was carried out over 12 months.

Effect of L-Carnosine in children with autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are an emerging health problem worldwide. So far, no definite cure for ASD exists. L-Carnosine is an amino acid containing β-alanine and L-histidine which has been proposed to have neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-convulsive properties that may benefit affected children with this disorder.

Knowledge and beliefs towards universal safety precautions during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic among the Indian public: a web-based cross-sectional survey.

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is considered the most serious global health threat in recent times. As there is a current lack of approved treatments and vaccines, universal safety precautions (USPs) must be taken to deal with this emergency.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and beliefs of the Indian public with regard to USPs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Knowledge, beliefs, and practice of pregnant women regarding medication use during pregnancy: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.

The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, beliefs, and practice (KBP) of pregnant women on medication use during pregnancy, and to identify the factors influencing KBP. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of a tertiary care hospital over a period of nine months. Pregnant women receiving at least one medication were included in the study.

Assumptions for disparities in case-fatality rates of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) across the globe.

In a short span, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become the world pandemic by rapidly spreading almost to all the countries around the globe, irrespective of the continent, population size, economic status and healthcare system. Despite the number of cases increasing exponentially in most of the countries, there exist certain disparities in terms of case-fatality rates. As of April 24, 2020, the case-fatality rate of COVID-19 is about 7.

Prevalence and Predictors of Self-Medication Practices in India: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Self-Medication (SM) is a practice of using medications to treat selfdiagnosed symptoms without a legitimate prescription by a health care professional. Alongside posing a burden on a patient, SM practices are associated with certain unfavourable health conditions such as drug-resistance, adverse effects, drug-interactions, including death.

Objective: To systematically review and quantify the prevalence of SM practices and its associated factors in India.

Efficacy and Safety of Non-Steroidal Anti-Androgens in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the sixth primary cause of cancer death. However, conflicts are present about the efficacy and safety of Non-steroidal anti-androgens (NSAA) for its treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of NSAAs versus any comparator for the treatment of advanced or metastatic PCa (mPCa).

Impact of preterm birth and low birth weight on medical conditions, medication use and mortality among neonates: a prospective observational cohort study.

Background: There is a paucity of studies conducted in India on neonatal outcomes of preterm birth and low birth weight. Hence, we aimed to assess the impact of preterm birth and low birth weight on medical conditions, medication use and mortality among neonates.

Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) over a period of 9 months.

Valproic acid and Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a systematic review of descriptive studies.

Valproic acid (VPA) is a commonly used antiepileptic drug (AED). Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis are the rare but fatal cutaneous adverse drug reactions for VPA. We aimed to identify and critically evaluate all the literature of SJS in association with VPA and to describe the clinical features of the condition.

Assessment of impact of pharmacophilia and pharmacophobia on medication adherence in patients with psychiatric disorders: A cross-sectional study.

Aims: To investigate the impact of pharmacophilia and pharmacophobia on medication adherence among patients with psychiatric disorders.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry over a period of 2 months. Patients above 18 years of age with a psychiatric diagnosis as per the International Classification of Diseases 10 and receiving at least one psychotropic medication (any medication capable of affecting the mind, emotions, and behavior) for >1 month were enrolled in the study.