[The short history of the Turkish Society of Physical and Natural Sciences].

The Turkish Society of Physical and Natural Sciences was founded at Istanbul University in 1934 by some foreign and Turkish professor to stimute the researches in physics and biology. The new advancements in these fields and results of the researchs of the members were discussed in sessions and published in the transactions and archives of the society, mostly in German with Turkish summaries. The Society losted its importance after gradually departure of the foreign members from Turkey and particularly foundation independent societies for physics and biology.

[The influence of Mustafa Zeki Pasha on the progress of the Turkish veterinary medicine].

Good results of the administration of Mustafa Zeki Pasha, as the General Minister of Military Schools and Field Marshal of the Imperial Arsenal of Ordanance and Artillery, on the progress of Turkish veterinary medicine is unforgettable. Above all, he accepted that veterinary art was very important for the country and tried to make it a respectable and attractive profession. He improved the education in the veterinary classes.

[Cholera epidemics in the Ottoman Empire during 1910-1913 and relevant events].

From 1910 to 1913 was one of the disastrous periods of the history of the Ottoman Empire. Cholera epidemic was one of the causes of this calamity. The early cases of cholera were diagnosed on July 15 in Erzurum in 1910.