Monitoring renal oxygenation status by near-infrared spectroscopy during ureterorenoscopy in children.

Background: : Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring demonstrates renal blood flow, perfusion, and oxygenation changes. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pediatric endourological interventions (PEI) on regional oxygen saturation value (rSO2) usingrenal NIRS monitoring.

Methods: Patients having bilateral inguinal surgery (group I), cystoscopy (group II), and ureterorenoscopy (group III), 20 patients in each group, were included in the study.

Evaluation of renal oxygenation by near-infrared spectroscopy during endoscopic injection of bulking agents in children with vesicoureteral reflux.

Background: Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is the measuring of regional tissue oxygenation (rSO2) by interpreting oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin signals that come back by transmitting near infrared light to tissues. The effect of endourological interventions on renal perfusion in children is largely unknown.

Aims: To evaluate the effects of endoscopic injection of bulking agents (EIBA) for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) on renal oxygenation (RO) using renal NIRS monitoring, which shows renal perfusion and oxygenation changes.

Para-axillary subcutaneous endoscopic approach in torticollis: tips and tricks in the surgical technique.

Aim: An obvious scar on the neck may appear following the open surgery for congenital muscular torticollis (CMT). The cosmetic result may displease the patient and the family. In this study, we describe a minimally invasive technique, para-axillary subcutaneous endoscopic approach (PASEA) in CMT.