A Multicenter Randomized Double-Blind Vehicle-Controlled Parallel Group Phase 2 Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of GN-037 Cream in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Plaque Psoriasis.

Introduction: Topical therapies are used in almost all patients with psoriasis. A novel fixed topical combination cream (GN-037) with a lower concentration (0.0356%) of clobetasol 17-propionate (CP) was developed together with urea, salicylic acid, and retinoic acid to provide a better benefit-risk ratio.

Deep learning as a new tool in the diagnosis of mycosis fungoides.

Mycosis Fungoides (MF) makes up the most of the cutaneous lymphomas. As a malignant disease, the greatest diagnostical challenge is to timely differentiate MF from inflammatory diseases. Contemporary computational methods successfully identify cell nuclei in histological specimens.

Off label uses of hyaluronic acid fillers: A review.

Food and Drug Administration approved indications of hyaluronic acid fillers include some facial wrinkles or skin folds like naso-labial folds, perioral wrinkles, volumization of lip, cheek, chin, and dorsal region of the hands, also acne scars and lipoatrophy of human immunodeficiency virus positive patients. This article reviews the off-label indications of hyaluronic acid fillers such as connective tissue disorders (lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and dermatomyositis), lipoatrophy associated with other diseases, breast volumization, giving volume to buttocks and the feet, implant into bone, tendon, ligament or muscle, injection to glabella, nose, periorbital region, forehead, or neck.

The relationship between hidradenitis suppurativa and irritable bowel syndrome: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder in which one experiences abdominal pain, tension, cramping, bloating, and changes in the form and frequency of defecation, without an underlying organic disease. Many skin diseases have been reported to be more common in people with functional bowel disease. To our knowledge, however, no previous study investigated the potential relationship between hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and IBS.

Evaluation of supratrochlear artery depth and course variations by Doppler ultrasonography along the glabellar frown lines for safer filler injections.

Purpose: Hyaluronic acid (HA) injection is a popular nonsurgical, rejuvenating procedure to treat glabellar frown lines, which has devastating complications such as blindness and skin necrosis due to the arterial occlusion of supratrochlear artery (STA). Therefore, when injecting into the frown lines, knowledge of the STA's depth and plane is necessary to prevent possible adverse events. The aim of this study was to identify the depths of STA in the area of the frown lines in order to maximize safety during filler injections.

The Immunogenetics of Granulomatous Diseases.

Non-infectious granulomatous skin diseases are a wide category of well-defined reactive inflammatory conditions that share main similarities. While cutaneous sarcoidosis is the prototype of non-infectious (sterile) granulomatous dermatitides, there are several other entities in this group including granuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipoidica. Non-infectious granulomatous diseases are caused by complex associations between genetic situations and environmental triggers resulting in a variety of cutaneous and systemic manifestations.

The Immunogenetics of Behcet's Disease.

Behcet's disease (BD) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the blood vessels and thus could entangle virtually every organ of the body. Oral ulceration, genital aphthous lesions, and ocular inflammation are the main manifestations of the disease that tend to have a chronic, relapsing-remitting course. The disease comes from an association between environmental and genetic backgrounds.

The Immunogenetics of Systemic Sclerosis.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare disease with a prevalence ranging from 7 to 700 cases per million. Like with most autoimmune diseases, both environmental and genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of the SSc. Though the incidence of SSc in the family members of those affected and the concordance rate in twins is very low, inheritance is still the strongest risk factor of SSc.

Immunogenetics of Lupus Erythematosus.

Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a heterogeneous disease with a wide range of manifestations ranging from localized lesions in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) to severe disseminated disease in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Lupus results from a complex interaction between genetic and epigenetic backgrounds and environmental triggers that cause loss of tolerance to self-antigens and the formation of autoantibodies. Genetic susceptibility plays a key role in the pathogenesis of lupus erythematosus.

Potential Utility of Oral Mucosal Capillaroscopy as an Indicator of Microvascular Damage in Behçet Disease: A Preliminary Study.

Introduction: Behçet disease (BD) is an auto-inflammatory condition characterized by multisystemic vasculitis. Oral mucosal capillaroscopy is an easy-to-use, repeatable, non-invasive method for evaluating mucosal microvasculature, contributing to the differential diagnosis and prognosis of various acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.

Objectives: This study aims to characterize and describe the oral labial mucosal capillary findings in patients with BD using handheld dermatoscopy and to investigate the relationship between the capillary findings and the severity of the disease.

The place of B-mode ultrasonography, shear-wave elastography, and superb microvascular imaging in the pre-diagnosis of androgenetic alopecia.

Purpose: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss in males. Physical examination and history are the most important examinations in diagnosis of the disease. As yet, there is no diagnostic method to be able to determine which individuals will develop AGA.

Relationship between rosacea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Rosacea and comorbidities: Rosacea and comorbidities.

Background: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that has been reported to be associated with many systemic disorders including respiratory diseases.

Aims: This study aims to investigate respiratory function in patients with rosacea.

Patients/methods: Patients with rosacea and age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers were included in this cross-sectional study.

Therapeutic efficacy and safety of three different modalities in pediatric patients with plantar warts.

Human papillomavirus infection is relatively common in communities. Thus, determining an effective and painless treatment method, especially in pediatric patients is of utmost importance. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of three different methods of treating plantar warts in pediatric patients.

The role of CD1a expression in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis, its relationship with leishmania species and clinicopathological features.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by a flagellated protozoan transmitted by the bite of a female sandfly. The clinical and demographic details of this disease, predominantly affecting immunocompetent individuals, are recognized by the WHO as a Neglected Tropical Disease. We sought to determine the usability of CD1a immunohistochemical staining to detect amastigotes especially in cases where leishmaniasis is suspected but evident amastigotes could not observed.

The role of oxidative stress in onychomycosis: Thiol/disulphide homeostasis.

Objectives: Onychomycosis is the general term to define fungal nail infections that arise from dermatophytes, non-dermatophytic moulds and yeasts. Thiol/disulphide homeostasis is a new indicator of oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of thiol/disulphide balance in the pathogenesis of onychomycosis.

A novel marker of systemic inflammation in psoriasis and related comorbidities: chitotriosidase.

Background/aim: Chitotriosidase (ChT) is an enzyme secreted by activated macrophages and neutrophils in response to proinflammatory signals. There is growing evidence indicating that ChT activity reflects the systemic inflammatory status. This study aimed to investigate whether serum ChT activity increased in patients with psoriasis and related comorbidities.

Evaluation of facial artery course variations and depth by Doppler ultrasonography.

Background: As deep nasolabial folds (NLF) are associated with facial aging, there is an increasing demand for esthetic correction with filler injections. Understanding the anatomy of the angular artery (AA) and facial artery (FA) around the NLF region is essential for ensuring the safety of dermal filler injections into the NLF. The purpose of this study was to provide detailed vascular anatomical information on the course and depth of AA and FA around NLF using Doppler ultrasound on live cases.

Treatment considerations for Behçet disease in the era of COVID-19: A narrative review.

COVID-19 is a multisystem disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. It has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020 and the outbreak still keeps its impacts worldwide. Behçet disease (BD) is a multi-systemic vasculitis involving the skin, mucosa, eyes, joints, nervous system, cardiovascular system, and gastrointestinal system.

Pemphigus and COVID-19: Critical overview of management with a focus on treatment choice.

COVID-19 is a serious multisystem disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Due to the COVID-19 crisis, that still keeps its impacts worldwide, numerous scheduled medical activities have been postponed and this interruption has a potential to modify the management of many cutaneous conditions including pemphigus. This narrative review aims to discuss the management of pemphigus in the era of COVID-19, considering the necessity to balance suitable pemphigus treatment with minimal risk of COVID-19-related mortality and morbidity.

Can monocyte to HDL cholesterol ratio and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio be markers for inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with vitiligo? A preliminary study.

Both systemic inflammation and oxidative stress play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. In recent studies, monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume (MPV) and plateletcrit (PCT) have been shown to reflect inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the hematological and inflammatory parameters in patients with vitiligo and to evaluate their possible relationship with disease severity.