The Role of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine as a Potential Epigenetic Biomarker in a Large Series of Thyroid Neoplasms.

Cytosine modifications at the 5-carbon position play a critical role in gene expression regulation and have been implicated in cancer development. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), arising from 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) oxidation, has shown promise as a potential malignancy marker due to its depletion in various human cancers. However, its significance in thyroid tumors remains underexplored, primarily due to limited data.

Melanocytic tumors with spitzoid morphology: correlation of clinicopathologic features and FISH analysis.

Background: A subset of melanocytic tumors with spitzoid morphology may lead to potential inaccurate diagnosis and lack of assessment of malignancy potential. In this study, we aimed to evaluate melanocytic tumors with spitzoid morphology using conventional melanoma FISH (RREB-1, CCND1, MYB and CEP6) and 9p21 FISH (CDKN2A) probes and compare the probe results with clinical and histopathological features.

Methods: This study is a multicentric retrospective study including three centers, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Acıbadem University, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and ETA Pathology Laboratory.

Rapid Remote Online Evaluation in Endoscopic Diagnostics: An Analysis of Biopsy-Proven Respiratory Cytopathology.

Background: This prospective study assesses the use of rapid remote online cytological evaluation for diagnosing endoscopical achieved biopsies. It focuses on its effectiveness in identifying benign and malignant conditions using digital image processing.

Methods: The study was conducted between April 2021 and September 2022 and involved analyses of 314 Rapid Remote Online Cytological Evaluations in total (154 imprint cytologies, 143 fine needle aspirations and 17 brush cytologies) performed on 239 patients at the LungenClinic Grosshansdorf.

Endometrial Staining of CD56 (Uterine Natural Killer), BCL-6, and CD138 (Plasma Cells) Improve Diagnosis and Clinical Pregnancy Outcomes in Unexplained Infertility and Recurrent IVF Failures: Standardization of Diagnosis with Digital Pathology.

In women with unexplained infertility (UI) and recurrent in vitro fertilization (IVF) failures, the etiology is often unclear. Endometrial immune perturbations and the use of immune markers associated with these dysregulations are of great interest in the diagnosis and treatment of UI. However, reliable biomarkers and standardized quantification methods are lacking.

Tubule-U-Net: a novel dataset and deep learning-based tubule segmentation framework in whole slide images of breast cancer.

The tubule index is a vital prognostic measure in breast cancer tumor grading and is visually evaluated by pathologists. In this paper, a computer-aided patch-based deep learning tubule segmentation framework, named Tubule-U-Net, is developed and proposed to segment tubules in Whole Slide Images (WSI) of breast cancer. Moreover, this paper presents a new tubule segmentation dataset consisting of 30820 polygonal annotated tubules in 8225 patches.

Favorable locoregional control in clinically node-negative hormone-receptor positive breast cancer with low 21-gene recurrence scores: a single-institution study with 10-year follow-up.

Background: Recent studies have shown a lower likelihood of locoregional recurrences in patients with a low 21-gene recurrence score (RS). In this single-institution study, we investigated whether there are any associations between different cutoff values of 21-gene RS, histopathological factors, and outcome in patients with long-term follow-up.

Methods: The study included 61 patients who had early-stage (I-II) clinically node-negative hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer and were tested with the 21-gene RS assay between February 2010 and February 2013.

Intramural Component of Venous, Lymphatic, and Perineural Invasion in Colon Cancer: A Threat or an Illusion?

Background: Extramural venous invasion is an independent predictor of poor outcome in colorectal cancer, whereas the significance of the intramural component of venous and lymphatic and perineural invasion is unclear.

Aims: To evaluate the prognostic impact of intramural components for venous, lymphatic, and perineural invasions and the relation of these invasion patterns with clinicopathological features in patients with colon cancer.

Study Design: A retrospective cross-sectional study.

One step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) for detection of lymph node metastasis during robotic radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: A pilot study.

Introduction: The OSNA technique is based on reverse transcription loop-mediated DNA amplification for the detection of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) messen-ger RNA (mRNA). The purpose of our paper, which represents the first study in the literature, is to test the accuracy of this method in the detection of lymph node metastases in patients undergoing robotic radical prostatectomy with lymph node dis-section.

Methods: Our cohort consisted of patients that have undergone robotic radical prostatectomy with extended lymph node dissec-tion.

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in follicular cell-derived lesions of the thyroid: Is NIFTP benign or precancerous?

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic factor that plays an important role in physiological and pathological angiogenesis of the thyroid. The aim of the current study was to determine the expression characteristics of VEGF in follicular cell-derived lesions of the thyroid and to assess whether a new entity noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) is precancerous. Patients diagnosed with 33 follicular adenomas (FA), 41 invasive follicular variant papillary thyroid cancer (IN-FVPTC), and 40 NIFTP in surgical resection materials were evaluated retrospectively.

Autologous omentum transposition for regeneration of a renal injury model in rats.

Background: After renal trauma, surgical treatment is vital, but sometimes there may be loss of function due to fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of autologous omentum flaps on injured renal tissues in a rat model.

Methods: A total of 30 Wistar albino rats were included and randomly divided equally into a control group and four intervention groups.

Histologically benign PI-RADS 4 and 5 lesions contain cancer-associated epigenetic alterations.

Background: The detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer has improved with the use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). Yet, even with MRI-guided biopsy 15%-35% of high-risk lesions (Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System [PI-RADS] 4 and 5) are histologically benign. It is unclear if these false positives are due to diagnostic/sampling errors or pathophysiological alterations.

The crosstalk between H. pylori virulence factors and the PD1:PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in progression to gastric cancer.

Background: The progression to gastric cancer has been linked to chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (programmed cell death -1, PD-1; programmed cell death -ligand 1, PD-L1) have a role in cancer immune escape.

Gamma-irradiated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate, OZG-38.61.3, confers protection from SARS-CoV-2 challenge in human ACEII-transgenic mice.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus caused the most severe pandemic around the world, and vaccine development for urgent use became a crucial issue. Inactivated virus formulated vaccines such as Hepatitis A and smallpox proved to be reliable approaches for immunization for prolonged periods. In this study, a gamma-irradiated inactivated virus vaccine does not require an extra purification process, unlike the chemically inactivated vaccines.

Characterisation of the Hybrid Isolated from an Autochothonous Kala-Azar Patient: Preliminary Results of an Model.

Objective: In the present study, preliminary outcomes of the assessment of a hybrid isolated from a hospitalised patient with visceral leishmaniasis in Manisa and identified through analysis of the -specific and gene regions are presented in comparison with reference strains of and .

Methods: Three different study groups [(SG); n=16 mice each] and a control group (n=8 mice) were established with female Balb/C mice weighing 25-30 g. Reference (MHOM/IN/1980/DD8), reference (MHOM/TN/1980/IP1) and a hybrid (MHOM/TR/2014/CBVL-LI/ LD), stored in liquid nitrogen, were thawed, cultured and incubated at 25 °C.

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer tissues have increased base excision repair capacity.

The molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of bladder cancer (BC) are complex and have not been fully elucidated. Alterations in base excision repair (BER) capacity, one of several DNA repair mechanisms assigned to preserving genome integrity, have been reported to influence cancer susceptibility, recurrence, and progression, as well as responses to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We report herein that non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC) tissues exhibit increased uracil incision, abasic endonuclease and gap-filling activities, as well as total BER capacity in comparison to normal bladder tissue from the same patient (p < 0.

Preclinical Assessment of Efficacy and Safety Analysis of CAR-T Cells (ISIKOK-19) Targeting CD19-Expressing B-Cells for the First Turkish Academic Clinical Trial with Relapsed/Refractory ALL and NHL Patients.

Objective: Relapsed and refractory CD19-positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are the focus of studies on hematological cancers. Treatment of these malignancies has undergone recent transformation with the development of new gene therapy and molecular biology techniques, which are safer and well-tolerated therapeutic approaches. The CD19 antigen is the most studied therapeutic target in these hematological cancers.

The Role of Telecytology in the Primary Diagnosis of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Specimens.

Introduction: The Acibadem Health Group (AHG) has been using telepathology/digital pathology stations since 2006. In 2013, the system was changed from videoconferencing to digital pathology (whole-slide imaging) utilizing 3DHISTECH scanners and software. In 2017, digital cytology started to be used for routine cytopathologic diagnosis for thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cases.

Variants of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: An Algorithmic Cytomorphology-Based Approach to Cytology Specimens.

Background: Thyroid cancer accounts for 1% of cancer cases in developed countries, in which papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type. There are multiple variants of PTC described to date, some of them with aggressive behavior and poor clinical outcome. These variants are well described and accepted in recent guidelines of many international societies, and the prognostic and management implications are well laid out.

Peptide Profile Differences of Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features, Encapsulated Follicular Variant, and Classical Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: An Application of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging.

The lack of papillary structures and faint and/or unclear core features of follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FV-PTC) may hamper the definitive fine needle aspiration biopsy -based diagnosis. Recently, the nomenclature of noninvasive encapsulated FV-PTC was revised to "noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features" (NIFTP). However, it remains inconclusive whether or not the peptide patterns differ between NIFTP and encapsulated FV-PTC.

A rare case of paratesticular leiomyoma in a child.

Leiomyomas are benign, slow-growing, smooth muscle tumors, which can occur at many locations in the body. The male genitourinary tract is seldom affected and scrotal leiomyomas are extremely rare. Most of the scrotal leiomyomas are localized in the testis, epididymis, spermatic cord, subcutaneous tissue, tunica albuginea, and scrotal skin and only a few of them are reported in the origin of isolated tissue without paratesticular structures in the paratesticular region.

The mammalian target of rapamycin protein expression in human granulosa cell tumors.

Objective: To investigate the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in human granulosa cell ovarian tumors and the therapeutic effect of rapamycin in mitotic granulosa cell lines.

Material And Methods: A retrospective evaluation of the medical records and pathologic sections of patients with granulosa cell ovarian carcinoma was performed. mTOR and p-mTOR expression was immunohistochemically investigated.

"The other side of the coin": understanding noninvasive follicular tumor with papillary-like nuclear features in unifocal and multifocal settings.

The recent description of noninvasive follicular tumor with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) creates several diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for both the pathologist and the attending clinician. Given the concern about overtreatment of these neoplasms, the best way to manage the patients by a surgical procedure and postsurgical follow-up is still under discussion. We aimed to identify predictors of synchronous disease (eg, bilateral cancers) that can influence the appropriate type of surgery and long-term surveillance.

A comparison study of the reporting systems for salivary gland fine needle aspirations: Are they really different?

Background: Recently a new system for reporting salivary gland fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology was proposed, the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC). Herein, we evaluated diagnostic accuracy of salivary gland FNA, comparing the system previously used in our hospital with the Milan system.

Methods: Salivary gland specimens obtained between 2011 and 2017 were reclassified according to MSRSGC.