Effect of preceding drug therapy on the renal and cardiovascular outcomes of combined sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.

Aim: To conduct a post hoc subgroup analysis of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the RECAP study, who were treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) combination therapy, focusing only on those patients who had chronic kidney disease (CKD), to examine whether the composite renal outcome differed between those who received SGLT2 inhibitor treatment first and those who received a GLP-1RA first.

Methods: We included 438 patients with CKD (GLP-1RA-first group, n = 223; SGLT2 inhibitor-first group, n = 215) from the 643 T2D patients in the RECAP study. The incidence of the composite renal outcome, defined as progression to macroalbuminuria and/or a ≥50% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), was analysed using a propensity score (PS)-matched model.

Pretreatment body mass index affects achievement of target blood pressure with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2-I) shows excellent antihypertensive effects in addition to its hypoglycemic effects. However, whether body mass index (BMI) affects the antihypertensive effect of SGLT2-I remains unknown. We investigated the impact of baseline BMI on the achievement of target blood pressure (BP) with SGLT2-I treatment in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

The concomitant use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors improved the renal outcome of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists.

Aims: This study aimed to clarify the renal influence of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1Ras) with or without sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) on Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: We retrospectively extracted 547 patients with T2DM who visited the clinics of members of Kanagawa Physicians Association. The progression of albuminuria status and/or a ≥ 15% decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) per year was set as the renal composite outcome.

Comparison of renal outcomes between sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists.

Aims: This study aimed to clarify the differences in how sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1Ra) influence kidney function in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: We retrospectively built two databases of patients with T2DM who visited the clinics of members of Kanagawa Physicians Association. We defined the renal composite outcome as either progression of albuminuria status and/or > 15% deterioration in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) per year.

Retrospective Analysis of the Renoprotective Effects of Long-Term Use of Six Types of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) provide renal protection in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to elucidate the renal effects of long-term use of six types of SGLT2is in Japanese patients with T2DM and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The Kanagawa Physicians Association maintains a registry of patients who visit their 31 clinics.

Blood pressure after treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors influences renal composite outcome: Analysis using propensity score-matched models.

Aims/introduction: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) improve renal outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the mechanism is not fully understood. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the association of achieved blood pressure with renal outcomes in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease.

Materials And Methods: We assessed 624 Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease taking SGLT2i for >1 year.

Relation between Blood Pressure Management and Renal Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Diabetic Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Aim: The renoprotective effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors is thought to be due, at least in part, to a decrease in blood pressure. The aim of this study was to determine the renal effects of these inhibitors in low blood pressure patients and the dependence of such effect on blood pressure management status.

Methods: The subjects of this retrospective study were 740 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease who had been managed at the clinical facilities of the Kanagawa Physicians Association.

A variant within the FTO confers susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

To explore novel genetic loci for diabetic nephropathy, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for diabetic nephropathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. We analyzed the association of 5,768,242 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, 2,380 nephropathy cases and 5,234 controls. We further performed GWAS for diabetic nephropathy using independent Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, 429 cases and 358 controls and the results of these two GWAS were combined with an inverse variance meta-analysis (stage-1), followed by a de novo genotyping for the candidate SNP loci (p < 1.

Renal effects of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with home blood pressure monitoring.

Decrease in blood pressure contributes to the reno-protective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors; however, its relationship with home monitoring of blood pressure is unclear. We retrospectively analyzed 101 visiting members of the Kanagawa Physicians Association with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease who were taking sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and who monitored blood pressure at home for a median treatment period of months. .

Retrospective analysis of effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the renal effects of the glucose-lowering SGLT2 inhibitors in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease.

Methods: The Kanagawa Physicians Association maintains a registry of patients who visit their 31 clinics. Clinical data of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease, who were prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors in addition to other treatments, were collected and analysed.

Detection of Autonomic Nervous System Abnormalities in Diabetic Patients by 24-hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.

Objective: To determine the relationship between 24-hr blood pressure (BP) fluctuations and autonomic nervous system dysfunction in diabetic patients using non-invasive ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring (ABPM) system.

Methods: The subjects were 39 diabetic patients free of cardiovascular diseases. 24-hr BP was monitored by a non-invasive ABPM system.

Exercise Therapy for Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Superior Efficacy of Activity Monitors over Pedometers.

We compared the efficacy of activity monitor (which displays exercise intensity and number of steps) versus that of pedometer in exercise therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes. The study subjects were divided into the activity monitor group ( = 92) and pedometer group ( = 95). The primary goal was improvement in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).

The Prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency in Japanese Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy.

Objective The purpose of this study was to measure serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in Japanese patients with diabetic nephropathy and determine the relationship between 25(OH)D concentrations and various factors. Methods The study subjects included 442 patients with type 2 diabetes. Their serum levels of creatinine, HbA1c, intact-parathyroid hormone, urinary albumin, 25(OH)D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] were measured and their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was determined.

Effects of liraglutide, a human glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, on body weight, body fat area and body fat-related markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of six-month liraglutide treatment on body weight, visceral and subcutaneous fat and related markers in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods: A total of 59 patients with type 2 diabetes were treated with liraglutide (0.3 mg/day for ≥1 week and then 0.

Long-term glycemic control in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients after switching treatment from twice-daily premixed insulin to once daily insulin glargine.

Objective: To examine the clinical utility of once-daily insulin glargine, we studied the clinical course of patients who were switched to from twice-daily premixed insulin to once daily insulin glargine.

Methods: The study was conducted at Tokai University hospital in 20 patients with type 2 diabetes, whose treatment regimens were switched from twice-a-day premixed insulin formulation to once-a-day insulin glargine. Changes in various clinical indexes were studied during a 3-year period after the switch.

Replication study for the association of 3 SNP loci identified in a genome-wide association study for diabetic nephropathy in European type 1 diabetes with diabetic nephropathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: A recent genome-wide association study for diabetic nephropathy in European type 1 diabetes identified 3 candidate loci for diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we examined the association of the 3 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci with susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We genotyped 3 SNPs, rs7583877 in AFF3, rs12437854 in the RGMA-MCTP2 locus and rs7588550 in ERBB4, for 2,300 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes [initial study, 1,055 nephropathy cases with overt proteinuria or with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and 1,245 control patients with normoalbuminuria].

The influence of a single nucleotide polymorphism within CNDP1 on susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in Japanese women with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Several linkage analyses have mapped a susceptibility locus for diabetic nephropathy to chromosome 18q22-23, and polymorphisms within the carnosine dipeptidase 1 gene (CNDP1), located on 18q22.3, have been shown to be associated with diabetic nephropathy in European subjects with type 2 diabetes. However, the association of this locus with diabetic nephropathy has not been evaluated in the Japanese population.

Effectiveness of basal-supported oral therapy (BOT) using insulin glargine in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To determine the clinical usefulness of basal-supported oral therapy (BOT) using insulin glargine in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We compared HbA1c levels, body weight, and insulin doses before the introduction of BOT and in the final month of the observation period in 122 patients with type 2 diabetes who received BOT with insulin glargine between October 2007 and July 2009. To exclude the possible effects of seasonal changes in glycemic control, 57 of the 122 patients were followed-up for one year and examined for changes in HbA1c levels, body weight, and insulin dose.

Efficacy of long-acting insulin analog insulin glargine at high dosage for basal-bolus insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Attempts to achieve strict glycemic control with basal-bolus insulin therapy required increased dosages of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin. However, high dosage of NPH insulin often occurs nocturnal hypoglycemia. Insulin glargine can simulate normal basal insulin secretion with its flat time-action profiles.

Insulin glargine improves glycemic control and quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients on hemodialysis.

Background: Diabetic patients on hemodialysis often experience severe hypoglycemia during intensive insulin therapy using conventional neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) or nonintensive therapy with premixed insulin. Insulin glargine can simulate normal basal insulin secretion. We investigated the efficacy and safety of switching from NPH to glargine in type 2 diabetes patients on hemodialysis.

Expression of transcription factor Snai1 and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in progressive nephropathy.

Background: Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is seen as the final stage of progressive nephropathy, and the degree of TIF is reported to be a major determinant in renal outcomes. In recent years, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the zinc-finger transcription factor snail homolog 1 (Snai1) have each been implicated in the mechanism of TIF. The relationship between EMT and these transcription factors is unclear, however, so in this study we attempted to elucidate the correlation between the expression of Snai1 and clinical markers.

Effects of multiple factorial intervention on ambulatory BP profile and renal function in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients with overt nephropathy - a pilot study.

Accumulating evidence has shown that diabetic patients are increasing in number, and renal and cardiovascular complications are the most common cause of death in diabetic patients. Thus, it would be of considerable value to identify the mechanisms involved in the progression of renal impairment and cardiovascular injury associated with diabetes. Recent evidence also indicated that multifactorial intervention is able to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and death among patients with diabetes and microalbuninuria.

Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms within genes encoding sirtuin families and diabetic nephropathy in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Sirtuin is a member of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylases, and has been reported to play a pivotal role in energy expenditure, mitochondrial function and pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, including aging kidneys. In this study, we focused on the genes encoding sirtuin families, and examined the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes encoding sirtuin families and diabetic nephropathy.

Methods: We examined 52 SNPs within the SIRT genes (11 in SIRT1, 7 in SIRT2, 14 in SIRT3, 7 in SIRT4, 9 in SIRT5, and 4 in SIRT6) in 3 independent Japanese populations with type 2 diabetes (study 1: 747 cases (overt proteinuria), 557 controls; study 2: 455 cases (overt proteinuria) and 965 controls; study 3: 300 cases (end-stage renal disease) and 218 controls).