Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with atrial arrhythmias in patients with implanted permanent pacemaker for cardiac conduction abnormality.

The objective of the study was to find the prevalence of metabolic syndrome along with identifying the atrial arrhythmias, QT interval, and coronary artery disease among these patients during follow-ups. Among 171 subjects who were implanted with permanent pacemakers, metabolic syndrome was present in 90 (52.6 %).

Use of a coronary sinus guiding sheath for placement of right ventricular lead in abnormal venous anatomy: a report of 2 cases.

Techniques of implanting pacing leads in the right ventricle (RV) have evolved over time and involve the use of preshaped stylets. However, in the presence of venous abnormalities, it could be very challenging to do the same. We describe two cases with complex superior vena caval (SVC) anatomy which could be negotiated only with the use of a slittable coronary sinus guiding sheath and successful placement of pacing lead in the right ventricle.