Specialist intellectual disability liaison nurses in general hospitals in England: cohort study using a large mortality dataset.

Objective: Intellectual disability liaison nurses in general hospitals could enhance access to high-quality, adapted healthcare and improve outcomes. We aimed to explore associations between the input of intellectual disability liaison nurses and the quality of care in people with intellectual disability who are admitted to hospital.

Design: Retrospective analysis of a national dataset of mortality reviews.

What do people with intellectual disabilities, their family members and paid carers understand about psychotropic medication? A rapid review.

Background: People with intellectual disabilities are more likely to be prescribed psychotropic medication than the general population and are frequently prescribed multiple medications. Understanding people with intellectual disabilities and carer perspectives is essential to improving the quality of psychotropic medication prescribing and usage.

Method: A rapid review explored people with intellectual disabilities' understanding of psychotropic medications, as well as family members and paid carers, and how this understanding can be improved.

Constipation prevalence and risk from prescribed medications in people with intellectual disability: Findings from an English mortality programme.

Constipation is common in people with intellectual disability, with case reports of associated deaths. Risk factors include lifestyle factors, health conditions, and certain medications. We aimed to explore constipation in a sample of people with intellectual disability who died in 2021.

Learning from new colorectal cancers: a qualitative synthesis of significant event reports.

Background: Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the UK and a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis provides opportunities for intervention and improved survival. Significant event analysis (SEA) is a well-established quality improvement method for learning from new cancer diagnoses.

Complex interventions for aggressive challenging behaviour in adults with intellectual disability: A rapid realist review informed by multiple populations.

Objectives: Approximately 10% of people with intellectual disability display aggressive challenging behaviour, usually due to unmet needs. There are a variety of interventions available, yet a scarcity of understanding about what mechanisms contribute to successful interventions. We explored how complex interventions for aggressive challenging behaviour work in practice and what works for whom by developing programme theories through contexts-mechanism-outcome configurations.

Can a new role, the (Trainee) Associate Psychological Practitioner (T/APP), add value in General Practice? Results from the pilot year evaluation.

Background: The deployment of (Trainee) Associate Psychological Practitioners (T/APPs) to deliver brief psychological interventions focusing on preventing mental health deterioration and promoting emotional wellbeing in General Practice settings is a novel development in the North West of England. As the need and demand for psychological practitioners increases, new workforce supply routes are required to meet this growth.

Aims: To evaluate the clinical impact and efficacy of the mental health prevention and promotion service, provided by the T/APPs and the acceptability of the role from the perspective of the workforce and the role to T/APPs, patients and services.

Estimation of the minimal clinically important difference on the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist-Irritability (ABC-I) for people with intellectual disabilities who display aggressive challenging behaviour: A triangulated approach.

Background: The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is relevant in the estimation of improvement in a patient outcome.

Aim: To determine the MCID on the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist-Irritability (ABC-I), widely used to measure the effects of intervention for aggressive challenging behaviour in people with intellectual disabilities.

Method And Procedures: We utilised distribution and anchor based methods to estimate the ABC-I MCID.

An exploration of lifestyle/obesity programmes for adults with intellectual disabilities through a realist lens: Impact of a 'context, mechanism and outcome' evaluation.

Background: Obesity is higher in people with intellectual disabilities.

Aims: There are two aims of this explorative paper. Firstly, using a realist lens, to go beyond 'what works' and examine the 'context, mechanisms and outcomes' (CMO) of lifestyle/obesity programmes for this population.

GP perceptions of community-based children's mental health services in Pennine Lancashire: a qualitative study.

Background: GP satisfaction with specialist Child & Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) is often reported as low in the UK, and internationally.

Aim: To explore GP perceptions of local children's mental health services and to understand their experiences of a novel GP-attached Primary Mental Health Worker (PMHW) service.

Design & Setting: Qualitative research involving GPs in Pennine Lancashire.

Barriers and facilitators to primary health care for people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism: an integrative review.

Background: Globally, people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism experience health inequalities. Death occurs at a younger age and the prevalence of long-term morbidities is higher than in the general population. Despite this, their primary healthcare access rates are lower than the general population, their health needs are often unmet, and their views and experiences are frequently overlooked in research, policy, and practice.

A scoping review of community holistic interventions for older people with multimorbidity.

Background: In many areas, new regional community-based services have been established to provide holistic care to patients with high physical, mental and social needs. Older people represent a group with multimorbidity and high healthcare needs that may benefit from holistic care, although uncertainty remains whether such an approach is effective.

Aim: To review evidence for community holistic interventions in older people with multimorbidity.

Etiologic Workup in Cases of Cryptogenic Stroke: A Systematic Review of International Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Background and Purpose- Identifying the etiology of acute ischemic stroke is essential for effective secondary prevention. However, in at least one third of ischemic strokes, existing investigative protocols fail to determine the underlying cause. Establishing etiology is complicated by variation in clinical practice, often reflecting preferences of treating clinicians and variable availability of investigative techniques.

Etiologic workup in cases of cryptogenic stroke: protocol for a systematic review and comparison of international clinical practice guidelines.

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Identifying the aetiology of ischaemic stroke is essential in order to initiate appropriate and timely secondary prevention measures to reduce the risk of recurrence. For the majority of ischaemic strokes, the aetiology can be readily identified, but in at least 30% of cases, the exact aetiology cannot be determined using existing investigative protocols.

GP incentives to design hypertension and atrial fibrillation local quality-improvement schemes: a controlled before-after study in UK primary care.

Background: Financial incentives in the UK such as the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) reward GP surgeries for achievement of nationally defined targets. These have shown mixed results, with weak evidence for some measures, but also possible unintended negative effects.

Aim: To look at the effects of a local intervention for atrial fibrillation (AF) and hypertension, with surgeries rewarded financially for work, including appointing designated practice leads, attendance at peer review workshops, and producing their own protocols.

Healthcare practitioners' views and experiences of barriers and facilitators to weight management interventions for adults with intellectual disabilities.

Background: Obesity is common in adults with intellectual disabilities, yet little is known about how weight management interventions are provided for this population.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were held with 14 healthcare practitioners involved in weight management interventions in an English county. A study topic guide was developed to elicit practitioners' views and experiences of barriers and facilitators to weight management for adults with intellectual disabilities.

Interventions for mental health problems in children and adults with severe intellectual disabilities: a systematic review.

Objective: Mental health problems are more prevalent in people with than without intellectual disabilities, yet treatment options have received little attention. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological and psychological interventions in the treatment of mental health problems in children and adults with severe and profound intellectual disabilities, given their difficulties in accessing standard mental health interventions, particularly talking therapies, and difficulties reporting drug side effects.

Design: A systematic review using electronic searches of PsycINFO, PsycTESTS, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, ASSIA, Science Citation Index, Social Science Citation Index and CENTRAL was conducted to identify eligible intervention studies.

An integrative review of multicomponent weight management interventions for adults with intellectual disabilities.

Background: Obesity is more prevalent in people with intellectual disabilities and increases the risk of developing serious medical conditions. UK guidance recommends multicomponent weight management interventions (MCIs), tailored for different population groups.

Methods: An integrative review utilizing systematic review methodology was conducted to identify the types of MCIs delivered to adults with intellectual disabilities.

Assessment of an incentivised scheme to provide annual health checks in primary care for adults with intellectual disability: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: People with intellectual disabilities (ID) have many comorbidities but experience inequities in access to health care. National Health Service England uses an opt-in incentive scheme to encourage annual health checks of patients with ID in primary care. We investigated whether the first 3 years of the programme had improved health care of people with ID.

Linking lifestyle of marginalized Gujjar population in Himachal Pradesh with plague outbreaks: a qualitative enquiry.

It was a qualitative enquiry conducted amongst Gujjar population of Shimla district, Himachal Pradesh (HP). The study was carried out to link various lifestyle factors of the Gujjar population with the 2002 outbreak of plague in HP. Focus Group discussions guide was prepared beforehand which had information about education, livelihood, dietary pattern, relationships, personal hygiene and habits and health care utilization.

Socio-epidemiological determinants of 2002 plague outbreak in Himachal Pradesh, India: a qualitative study.

Background: This qualitative investigation was conducted to determine the socio-epidemiological factors related to the plague outbreak (2002) in Himachal Pradesh (HP), India.

Methods: The data for socio-epidemiological factors related to the plague outbreak (2002) in HP was obtained from residents through 150 in-depth Interviews (IDI) and 30 Focus Group Discussions (FGD) during six visits (from May 2011 to April 2012) by the research team. Natives, health officials and the nomadic population were interviewed.