A prospective study of anti-mullerian hormone and other ovarian and adrenal hormones in adult female acne.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) diagnosis in adult female acne (AFA) is tough owing to unreliable ultrasonography in virgins or obese females and inconsistent hyperandrogenemia. We analyzed hormones in AFA and established a diagnostic cut-off value of anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) for PCOS. Female acne patients aged ≥25 years were assessed with total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI), AMH, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH).

A Prospective Study Examining Trigger Factors and Hormonal Abnormalities in Adult Female Acne.

Background: Numerous triggers have been implicated in adult female acne including endogenous (hormonal dysfunction and genetic predisposition) and exogenous causes (drugs, cosmetics, sunscreens, stress, and smoking).

Aims: To evaluate the role of various trigger factors in adult female acne and to analyze the androgenic hormone pattern including anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in these patients.

Materials And Methods: Patients having acne of age ≥25 years were analyzed using a pre devised proforma to elicit trigger factors while the severity was graded using the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS).

A prospective study examining isolated acne and acne with hyperandrogenic signs in adult females.

Background: Adult female acne (AFA) occurs beyond 25 years of age and can present either as isolated acne or with hyperandrogenic signs.

Methods: 120 females aged ≥ 25 years were evaluated for acne, hirsutism and androgenetic alopecia. Hormonal assessment included total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI), Anti Mullerian Hormone (AMH), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin.

Increased trunk fat along with decreased peripheral fat as an important predictor of hypertriglyceridaemia & hypercholesterolaemia in Indians with HIV infection.

Background & Objectives: Dyslipidaemia is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity, which is increased in HIV. Data on dyslipidaemia in Indians with HIV are scant. This study was undertaken to determine the predictors of dyslipidaemia and lipoatrophy in Indians with HIV infection and their relation with body composition parameters.

Occurrence & predictors of osteoporosis & impact of body composition alterations on bone mineral health in asymptomatic pre-menopausal women with HIV infection.

Background & Objectives: Data on bone mineral density (BMD) and sarcopenia are scant from young females with HIV. This study was conducted to determine occurrence, predictors and impact of body composition alterations on osteoporosis in pre-menopausal women with HIV.

Methods: A total of 214 females with serologically documented HIV infection were screened, of whom 103 pre-menopausal women, 25-45 yr age, clinically stable, having at least one year follow up data, underwent hormonal and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry analysis for BMD and body composition.

Low skeletal mass is an important predictor of osteoporosis in HIV-infected men in India.

Introduction: This study evaluated prevalence and predictors of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in men with HIV.

Material And Methods: 220 men with HIV were screened, of which 115 men, 30-50 years-age, having at least 1-year follow-up, underwent hormonal and DEXA analysis. 40 controls were also evaluated.

Neonatal Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy: A Radiological Review.

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a devastating condition that may result in death or severe neurologic deficits in children. Neuroimaging with cranial ultrasound (US), computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are valuable tools in the workup of patients with HIE. The pattern of brain injury depends on the severity and duration of hypoxia and degree of brain maturation.

Central Nervous System Tuberculosis: An Imaging Perspective.

The increasing prevalence of tuberculosis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals in recent years makes the disease a topic of universal concern. It has insidious onset and can affect virtually any organ system in the body, including the central nervous system (CNS). CNS tuberculosis (TB) is becoming more and more complex and atypical with onset of multidrug-resistant TB.

Zinner syndrome-a rare developmental anomaly of the mesonephric duct diagnosed on magnetic resonance imaging.

Developmental anomalies of the urogenital tract are rare but often encountered. Zinner's syndrome is a rare congenital abnormality of mesonephric (Wolffian) duct consisting of unilateral renal agenesis, ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst, and ipsilateral ejaculatory duct obstruction due to developmental arrest in early embryogenesis affecting the caudal end of Mullerian duct and only approximately a 100 cases have been reported so far. Radiologic modalities such as intravenous pyelography, ultrasonography, vasovesiculography, contrast enhanced computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are all helpful in diagnosis of this unusual entity.

Spectrum of Radiological Manifestations in Lymphoproliferative Malignancies with Unusual Extra Nodal Soft Tissue Involvement.

Lymphoproliferative malignancies constitute a wide spectrum of haematological malignancies and their prevalence is widely increasing. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas and Hodgkin disease, frequently involve extranodal soft tissue structures in the head and neck, thorax and abdomen. These malignancies may involve virtually any type of soft tissues to any extent; hence many different imaging manifestations are possible which may mimic other disorders.

Hippocampal volumes among older Indian adults: Comparison with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.

Background: Hippocampal volume data from India have recently been reported in younger adults. Data in older adults are unknown. The present paper describes hippocampal volume from India among older adults and compares the same with patients having Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Imaging in Rare and Atypical Sinonasal Masses: An Interesting Case Series.

Sinonasal tumours present a myriad of radiographic findings. While many of these tumours have been well described with regard to their typical sites of origin, age group and radiological appearance we have come across lesions in our daily practice which are exceedingly rare with regard to site of origin in sinonasal cavity. The radiological appearances of 4 such rare and unusual tumours arising in sinonasal region evaluated by cross sectional imaging (CT/MRI) have been illustrated in this article with a purpose to review the radio-pathological correlation of these tumours and to explain the utility of cross-sectional imaging CT and MRI in exploring diagnostic clues.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain in Evaluation of Floppy Children: A Case Series.

Objective Hypotonia is a common clinical entity well recognized in pediatric age group, which demands experienced clinical assessment and an extensive array of investigations to establish the underlying disease process. Neuroimaging comes as great help in diagnosing the disease process in rare cases of central hypotonia due to structural malformations of brain and metabolic disorders and should always be included as an important investigation in the assessment of a floppy child. In this article, we discuss the MRI features of eight cases of central and two cases of combined hypotonia and the importance of neuroimaging in understanding the underlying disease in a hypotonic child.

Radiographic patterns of soft tissue calcinosis in juvenile dermatomyositis and its clinical implications.

Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare autoimmune inflammatory disease of muscles affecting children and adolescents with soft tissue calcification and varying systemic involvement. Though diagnosis is primarily by clinical, biochemical and histopathological tests, Imaging has unique significance from characterizing the calcinosis, detecting early changes in muscle in active phase of the disease, diagnosing potential complications,rule out other important differentials, guide biopsies ,and assessing the progress on follow up. Four distinct patterns of calcinosis have been described in relation to dermatomyositis which need to be differentiated from other aetiologies of soft tissue calcification and myopathies.

Primary Pulmonary Ewing's Sarcoma: Rare Cause of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome in Children.

Ewing's sarcoma is a common malignant bone tumour presenting in children and young adults. Rarely extra- skeletal soft tissues and visceral organs can also be the site of origin of Ewing's sarcoma. Primary pulmonary Ewing's sarcoma is an extremely rare malignancy which occurs in the paediatric population.

Neuroradiological findings in GM2 gangliosidosis variant B1.

GM2 gangliosidosis variant B1 is a very rare lysosomal disorder. As per our knowledge, to date, only one article depicting the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of GM2 gangliosidosis variant B1 is available in the literature. We are the first to describe the neuroradiological findings in an Indian patient diagnosed with GM2 gangliosidosis variant B1.

Neuroimaging in epilepsy.

Epilepsy is the most common neurological disease worldwide and is second only to stroke in causing neurological morbidity. Neuroimaging plays a very important role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with epilepsy. This review article highlights the specific role of various imaging modalities in patients with epilepsy, and their practical applications in the management of epileptic patients.

Sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy: An important cause of cerebral hemorrhage in the elderly.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is an important cause of primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH) in the elderly. Although there are no pathognomic clinical features of CAA-related PICH, the association of white matter changes with lobar, recurrent, or multiple simultaneous hemorrhages in older patients should raise the suspicion of its diagnosis. A definitive diagnosis of CAA requires pathologic examination of the affected tissue.

Case Report: Intracranial peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor - Ewing's sarcoma of dura with transcalvarial-subgaleal extension: An unusual radiological presentation.

The occurrence of the intracranial, peripheral, primitive, neuroectodermal tumor, Ewing's sarcoma (pPNET-ES) of the dura, is very rare. Immunophenotypical as well as genetic analyses play key roles in its diagnosis and differentiation from central PNET. We describe here the CT scan and MRI findings of an interesting case of intracranial pPNET-ES arising from the anterior falx cerebri with a trancalvarial-subgaleal extension.

Retroperitoneal lymphangiectasia-radiologic appearances, complications and management alternatives: a case report.

Retroperitoneal lymphangiectasia is a very rare benign disorder of lymphatic system. The origin of this disorder is speculative. Clinical evolution and prognosis remains unclear.