Does vertebral bone marrow fat content correlate with abdominal adipose tissue, lumbar spine bone mineral density, and blood biomarkers in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Purpose: To compare vertebral bone marrow fat content quantified with proton MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) with the volume of abdominal adipose tissue, lumbar spine volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and blood biomarkers in postmenopausal women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials And Methods: Thirteen postmenopausal women with T2DM and 13 age- and body mass index-matched healthy controls were included in this study. All subjects underwent (1)H-MRS of L1-L3 to quantify vertebral bone marrow fat content (FC) and unsaturated lipid fraction (ULF).

Insulin resistance in non-obese subjects is associated with activation of the JNK pathway and impaired insulin signaling in skeletal muscle.

Background: The pathogenesis of insulin resistance in the absence of obesity is unknown. In obesity, multiple stress kinases have been identified that impair the insulin signaling pathway via serine phosphorylation of key second messenger proteins. These stress kinases are activated through various mechanisms related to lipid oversupply locally in insulin target tissues and in various adipose depots.

Teplizumab therapy for type 1 diabetes.

Importance Of The Field: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease with selective destruction of beta cells. Immunological interventions are directed at arresting the loss of beta-cell function with the promise that this will make it easier for patients to control their glucose levels.

Areas Covered In This Review: This review provides a summary of the preclinical and clinical research published between 1992 and 2009 using teplizumab and other anti-CD3 antibodies to arrest the loss of beta-cell function in new onset T1D.

Technical evaluation of in vivo abdominal fat and IMCL quantification using MRI and MRSI at 3 T.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to develop protocols that measure abdominal fat and calf muscle lipids with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), respectively, at 3 T and to examine the correlation between these parameters and insulin sensitivity.

Materials And Methods: Ten nondiabetic subjects [five insulin-sensitive (IS) subjects and five insulin-resistant (IR) subjects] were scanned at 3 T. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were segmented semiautomatically from abdominal imaging.

Impact of the home indoor environment on adult asthma and rhinitis.

Objective: We sought to study the combined effects of multiple home indoor environmental exposures in adult asthma and rhinitis.

Methods: We studied 226 adults with asthma and rhinitis by structured interviews and home assessments. Environmental factors included dust allergen, endotoxin and glucan concentrations, and indoor air quality (IAQ) variables.