Publications by authors named "Umemura S"

Background: MET gene exon 14 skipping was identified as a potential driver mutation that occurs in approximately 3%-4% of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), typically in the absence of other driver mutations. Capmatinib and tepotinib were the first MET- tyrosine kinase inhibitors (MET-TKIs) approved by the FDA and PMDA, specifically for patients with metastatic NSCLC. Several studies have reported acquired resistance after MET-TKI treatment for MET mutation-positive NSCLC.

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Aims: This study aimed at developing a scoring system (EAST score) to predict recurrence after chemoradiotherapy in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC).

Patients & Methods: Treatment-naïve LS-SCLC patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) ( = 234) or sequential chemoradiotherapy ( = 53) were retrospectively reviewed. Using data from CCRT population, clinical and radiological variables associated with disease progression were identified.

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Background: We aimed to examine the effectiveness of a nurse-led, screening-triggered early specialized palliative care intervention program for patients with advanced lung cancer.

Methods: Patients with advanced lung cancer who underwent initial chemotherapy were randomized to intervention and usual care groups between January 2017 and September 2019. The intervention comprised comprehensive needs assessments, counseling, and service coordination by advanced-level nurses.

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Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PC) is a rare non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with a poor prognosis, characterized by tumor necrosis (TN). NETosis is a form of neutrophil-specific cell death, which is morphologically characterized by prominent neutrophil infiltration and cell detritus in the necrotic foci. Seventy-six patients with pulmonary PC who underwent complete resection were enrolled.

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Introduction: HER2 mutations are reported to occur in 2%-5% of all cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The clinical outcomes in patients with HER2-mutant NSCLC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus platinum-based chemotherapy as 1st line treatment still remain unclear.

Methods: Using the large-scale clinico-genomic database of LC-SCRUM-Asia, the clinico-genomic characteristics and therapeutic outcomes of patients with HER2-mutant NSCLC were investigated.

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Article Synopsis
  • SCLC has traditionally been viewed as a single entity, hindering advances in treatment; however, identifying genetic differences is key to improving patient outcomes.
  • A study analyzed over 1000 SCLC samples using genomic screening to identify five distinct genetic subgroups, which can respond differently to therapies, especially targeted treatments.
  • The findings indicate that while certain subgroups, like the NSCLC and MYC subgroups, have poorer survival rates with standard treatments, others may benefit from specialized therapies, highlighting the importance of personalized medicine in SCLC management.
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  • The study assessed the effectiveness of boring biopsy in diagnosing subepithelial lesions (SEL) in the stomach and esophagus, involving 52 patients.
  • The diagnostic yield was found to be 50% for gastric SELs and 80% for esophageal SELs, with higher success rates for smaller lesions (less than 10mm).
  • Complications occurred in 10% of stomach biopsies, including two perforations and two cases of bleeding, while gastrointestinal stromal tumors were identified in 43% of gastric cases and all esophageal SELs were leiomyomas.
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Objectives: In this study, we explored the clinical outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR Exon20 in-frame insertions (Exon20ins), and the impact of the location of Exon20ins on these clinical outcomes.

Materials And Methods: The efficacies of current systemic therapies in NSCLC patients harboring Exon20ins were investigated using a large-scale clinico-genomic database of LC-SCRUM-Asia, and compared with that of amivantamab in the CHRYSALIS trial.

Results: Of the 11,397 patients enrolled in LC-SCRUM-Asia, Exon20ins were detected in 189 patients (1.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study focused on patients with stage II-III EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma to identify factors linked to cancer recurrence and assess the tumor microenvironment, analyzing 387 cases from 2008 to 2018.
  • - It found that EGFR-mt tumors had a higher rate of lymph node and lung metastases and shorter disease-free survival (DFS) compared to EGFR-wild-type tumors, particularly in the papillary subtype.
  • - Factors like male sex, advanced stage, and specific tumor characteristics were shown as poor prognostic indicators in EGFR-mt cases, and analysis indicated a correlation between certain tumor subtypes and higher counts of specific tumor-promoting immune cells.
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Unlabelled: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has a poor prognosis, emphasizing the necessity for developing new therapies. The de novo synthesis pathway of purine nucleotides, which is involved in the malignant growth of SCLC, has emerged as a novel therapeutic target. Purine nucleotides are supplied by two pathways: de novo and salvage.

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Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are resident macrophages in the lungs; however, whether the number of AMs plays a role in the lung neuroendocrine tumor (NET) prognosis remains unclear. We counted the number of AMs located around the tumor (peritumoral alveolar macrophages [pAMs]) and the number of AMs located apart from the tumor (distant macrophages; dAMs). In 73 cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC: small cell lung carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma), the group that contained higher pAMs (≥86/μm ) revealed shorter recurrent-free survival (RFS) than those with lower pAMs (<86/μm ) (p = 0.

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Introduction: BRAF non-V600E mutations occur in 1% to 2% of NSCLCs. Because of their rarity, the clinical backgrounds and outcomes of cytotoxic chemotherapy or immunotherapy remain unclear, and no targeted therapies are approved for BRAF non-V600E-mutant NSCLC.

Methods: In this multi-institutional prospective lung cancer genomic screening project (LC-SCRUM-Asia), we evaluated the clinicogenomic characteristics and therapeutic outcomes of BRAF non-V600E-mutant NSCLC.

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A new species of pseudocrangonyctid amphipod, Pseudocrangonyx asuwaensis, is described from subterranean water in a quarry on Mt. Asuwa "Nanatsuo-guchi", Fukui Prefecture, Japan. Pseudocrangonyx asuwaensis sp.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Comprehensive biomarker analyses revealed that factors like low FOXP3 and CD204 expression in tumor areas and stroma were associated with patients who had long stable disease, while PD-L1 expression did not correlate with treatment efficacy.
  • * Additionally, patients with long stable disease started with more naïve/memory immune cells, and although certain genetic variations showed some link to progression-free survival, nivolumab concentrations in the blood did not correlate with treatment outcomes, indicating that
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Purpose: We evaluated plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and tissue-based sequencing concordance for comprehensive oncogenic driver detection in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using a large-scale prospective screening cohort (LC-SCRUM-Liquid).

Experimental Design: Blood samples were prospectively collected within 4 weeks of corresponding tumor tissue sampling from patients with advanced NSCLC to investigate plasma cfDNA sequencing concordance for alterations in 8 oncogenes (EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, HER2, MET, ALK, RET, and ROS1) compared with tissue-based next-generation targeted sequencing.

Results: Paired blood and tissue samples were obtained in 1,062/1,112 enrolled patients with NSCLC.

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Introduction: The pathogenesis of thymic epithelial tumors remains largely unknown. We previously identified GTF2I L424H as the most frequently recurrent mutation in thymic epithelial tumors. Nevertheless, the precise role of this mutation in tumorigenesis of thymic epithelial cells is unclear.

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Background: Strategies to implement early specialized palliative care have not yet been established. The present study investigated the feasibility of a nurse-led, screening-triggered early specialized palliative care intervention programme and obtained data to design a randomized controlled trial.

Methods: Patients with metastatic lung cancer undergoing first-line platinum-based chemotherapy were eligible.

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Background: Thymic epithelial tumours (TETs) are rare tumours comprised of thymomas and thymic carcinoma. Novel therapies are needed, especially in thymic carcinoma where the 5-year survival rate hovers at 30%. Mesothelin (MSLN), a surface glycoprotein that is cleaved to produce mature MSLN (mMSLN) and megakaryocyte potentiating factor (MPF), is expressed in limited tissues.

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Objective: The aim was to compare short-term and long-term reproducibilities of in-office unattended blood pressure (BP), namely automated office blood pressure (AOBP), conventionally measured attended office BP, and self-measured home BP.

Methods: A multicentre, clinical study was conducted in Japan, and 287 Japanese outpatients on antihypertensive drug medication were followed-up for 1 year.

Results: The intensity of drug treatment was sustained consistently throughout the study period (defined daily doses, 1.

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  • * Results showed that patients receiving pembrolizumab had significantly better progression-free survival (HR 0.25) and overall survival (HR 0.39) compared to those on chemotherapy, indicating it may be a more effective treatment option.
  • * Both treatment groups experienced adverse events, but pembrolizumab had a manageable safety profile, aligning with findings from the overall KEYNOTE-024 study regarding its benefits for this patient population.
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Background: Key regulators of antitumor immunity such as arginase-1 and the adenosine pathway may have an important role in modulating the effect of immunotherapy. Here, we investigated the expression profile of these immune-related biomarkers in thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), 2 solid tumors where immune checkpoint inhibitors have activity.

Materials And Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was performed using tissue microarrays of 123 TET (110 thymoma and 13 thymic carcinoma) and 125 SCLC cases.

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  • Diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) is an effective chelating agent for removing plutonium (Pu) and americium (Am) from the body, with calcium (CaDTPA) and zinc (ZnDTPA) variations utilized in different administration methods.
  • Studies showed that CaDTPA injections and inhalations led to increased excretion of essential metals like zinc and manganese, while also reducing their serum levels, indicating a potential risk of essential metal deficiency.
  • The findings suggest that CaDTPA is more effective than ZnDTPA for metal removal, positioning DTPA as a promising treatment for acute heavy metal poisoning from substances like lead (Pb), cad
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Objectives: Tumor necrosis is a negative prognostic factor in various cancers. High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (HGNEC) of the lung, such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), commonly have histopathological features of tumor necrosis. However, the prognostic value of tumor necrosis remains unknown.

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Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has become a serious public health problem associated with metabolic syndrome. The mechanisms by which NASH induces hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown. There are no approved drugs for treating NASH or preventing NASH-induced HCC.

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