Mortality Risk Among Patients Hospitalized Primarily for COVID-19 During the Omicron and Delta Variant Pandemic Periods - United States, April 2020-June 2022.

The risk for COVID-19-associated mortality increases with age, disability, and underlying medical conditions (1). Early in the emergence of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients was lower than that during previous pandemic peaks (2-5), and some health authorities reported that a substantial proportion of COVID-19 hospitalizations were not primarily for COVID-19-related illness,* which might account for the lower mortality among hospitalized patients. Using a large hospital administrative database, CDC assessed in-hospital mortality risk overall and by demographic and clinical characteristics during the Delta (July-October 2021), early Omicron (January-March 2022), and later Omicron (April-June 2022) variant periods among patients hospitalized primarily for COVID-19.

Cardiac Complications After SARS-CoV-2 Infection and mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination - PCORnet, United States, January 2021-January 2022.

Cardiac complications, particularly myocarditis and pericarditis, have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) infection (1-3) and mRNA COVID-19 vaccination (2-5). Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) is a rare but serious complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection with frequent cardiac involvement (6). Using electronic health record (EHR) data from 40 U.

Cancer incidence rates and trends among children and adolescents in the United States, 2001-2009.

Objectives: Cancer continues to be the leading disease-related cause of death among children and adolescents in the United States. More current information is needed to describe recent cancer trends and identify demographic and geographic variations.

Methods: We analyzed data from the National Program of Cancer Registries and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results statewide registries representing 94.

Completeness of reporting of race and ethnicity data in the nationally notifiable diseases surveillance system, United States, 2006-2010.

Context: During 1994-1997, approximately 70% and 60% of the cases of conditions reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System included persons of known race and ethnicity, respectively. A major goal of the Healthy People 2020 initiative is to eliminate health disparities.

Objective: To describe trends in the completeness of race and ethnicity in case reports of the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System during 2006-2010.

Prostate cancer deaths and incident cases among American Indian/Alaska Native men, 1999-2009.

Objectives: We linked databases to improve identification of American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) in determining prostate cancer death and incidence rates.

Methods: We linked prostate cancer mortality and incidence data with Indian Health Service (IHS) patient records; analyses focused on residents of IHS Contract Health Service Delivery Area (CHSDA) counties. We calculated age-adjusted incidence and death rates for AI/AN and White men for 1999 to 2009; men of Hispanic origin were excluded.

Evaluating factors associated with unknown SEER Summary Stage 2000 derived from collaborative stage at central registry level.

Background: Cancer stage is critical for treatment planning and assessing disease prognosis. The percentage of unknown staged cancer cases varies considerably across state cancer registries; factors contributing to the variations in unknown stage have not been reported in the literature before. The purpose of this study was to examine whether these variations were influenced by demographic and/or clinical factors as well as the type of reporting facility.

Descriptive epidemiology of malignant and nonmalignant primary spinal cord, spinal meninges, and cauda equina tumors, United States, 2004-2007.

Background: Primary tumors of the spinal cord, spinal meninges, and cauda equina are relatively rare, and a paucity of population-based data exist on tumors in these sites. This study intends to augment the current literature by examining incidence of these tumors on a national level.

Methods: Data from central cancer registries in the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) programs for 2004-2007 (covering 99.

Melanoma survival in the United States, 1992 to 2005.

Background: Population-based data on melanoma survival are important for understanding the impact of demographic and clinical factors on prognosis.

Objective: We describe melanoma survival by age, sex, race/ethnicity, stage, depth, histology, and site.

Methods: Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data, we calculated unadjusted cause-specific survival up to 10 years from diagnosis for 68,495 first primary cases of melanoma diagnosed from 1992 to 2005.

Association of cutaneous melanoma incidence with area-based socioeconomic indicators-United States, 2004-2006.

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with melanoma incidence and outcomes. Examination of the relationship between melanoma and SES at the national level in the United States is limited. Expanding knowledge of this association is needed to improve early detection and eliminate disparities.

Association between cutaneous melanoma incidence rates among white US residents and county-level estimates of solar ultraviolet exposure.

Background: Recent US studies have raised questions as to whether geographic differences in cutaneous melanoma incidence rates are associated with differences in solar ultraviolet (UV) exposure.

Objectives: We sought to assess the association of solar UV exposure with melanoma incidence rates among US non-Hispanic whites.

Methods: We assessed the association between county-level estimates of average annual solar UV exposure for 1961 to 1990 and county-level melanoma incidence rates during 2004 to 2006.

Trends in endometrial cancer incidence rates in the United States, 1999-2006.

Background: Risk factors for endometrial cancer, such as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and obesity, have changed significantly in the last decade. We investigated trends in endometrial cancer histologic subtypes on a national level during 1999-2006.

Methods: Data covering 88% of the U.

Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2007, featuring tumors of the brain and other nervous system.

Background: The American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer Institute, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) collaborate annually to provide updated information on cancer occurrence and trends in the United States. This year's report highlights brain and other nervous system (ONS) tumors, including nonmalignant brain tumors, which became reportable on a national level in 2004.

Methods: Cancer incidence data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute, CDC, and NAACCR, and information on deaths was obtained from the CDC's National Center for Health Statistics.

The changing incidence of in situ and invasive ductal and lobular breast carcinomas: United States, 1999-2004.

Background: National incidence rates for lobular and ductal breast cancers have not been available previously. Evidence suggests that the increased risk of breast cancer associated with combined hormone replacement therapy use is higher for invasive lobular cancers (ILC) than for invasive ductal cancers (IDC). This study provides U.

Evaluating quality of census tract data in the NPCR dataset.

Background: Knowledge of data quality is essential for accurate interpretation and use of cancer data by cancer control and prevention programs and researchers.

Objective: To assess the quality of census tract information in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) dataset. This assessment will guide analyses using census tract information from the NPCR dataset.

Comparative evaluation of uterine cancer staging data using two different staging systems, 2001-2005.

Objective: This study compares directly coded Summary Stage 2000 (SS2000) with that of Collaborative Stage (CS) Derived Summary Stage 2000 (DeSS2000) for cases of uterine cancer diagnosed in the years 2001-2005 using population-based cancer registry data.

Methods: Data included in this study were from central cancer registries that participated in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program or the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and met data quality criteria for 2001-2005 covering approximately 80% of the US population. The data for diagnosis years 2001-2003 (pre-CS) were compared with those for diagnosis years 2004-2005 (post-CS) to review any shifts in staging between the pre- and post-CS years.

Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2005, featuring trends in lung cancer, tobacco use, and tobacco control.

Background: The American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) collaborate annually to provide updated information on cancer occurrence and trends in the United States. This year's report includes trends in lung cancer incidence and death rates, tobacco use, and tobacco control by state of residence.

Methods: Information on invasive cancers was obtained from the NCI, CDC, and NAACCR and information on mortality from the CDC's National Center for Health Statistics.

Explaining the decrease in U.S. deaths from coronary disease, 1980-2000.

Background: Mortality from coronary heart disease in the United States has decreased substantially in recent decades. We conducted a study to determine how much of this decrease could be explained by the use of medical and surgical treatments as opposed to changes in cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods: We applied a previously validated statistical model, IMPACT, to data on the use and effectiveness of specific cardiac treatments and on changes in risk factors between 1980 and 2000 among U.

Cognitive functioning in late life: the impact of moderate alcohol consumption.

Purpose: Sex differences in the association between moderate alcohol consumption and cognitive functioning were examined during 4 years.

Methods: Participants were 2716 US older adults 70 years and older (mean age, = 76.02 years) who were free of cognitive impairment from the Second Longitudinal Study of Aging (1994 to 2000).

Distribution of lifestyle and emerging risk factors by 10-year risk for coronary heart disease.

Background: The Framingham risk score has been used for coronary heart disease (CHD) risk assessment. Recently, additional risk factors not included in the Framingham algorithm have received much attention and may help improve risk assessment. We examined the distributions of lifestyle and emerging risk factors by 10-year risk of CHD.

Has the risk for coronary heart disease changed among U.S. adults?

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the 10-year risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) among U.S adults during the years 1988 to 1994 with that among U.S.

Distribution of serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol in the US population.

Background: Although the population distribution of serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol has been described in the United States, little is known about the distribution of gamma-tocopherol or the ratio of alpha-tocopherol to gamma-tocopherol.

Objective: Our aim was to describe the distribution of serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol in a nationally representative sample of US adults.

Design: We reviewed data from 4087 adults aged >/=20 y who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2000).

The impact of cognitive functioning on mortality and the development of functional disability in older adults with diabetes: the second longitudinal study on aging.

Background: For older adults without diabetes, cognitive functioning has been implicated as a predictor of death and functional disability for older adults and those with mild to severe cognitive impairment. However, little is known about the relationship between cognition functioning on mortality and the development of functional disability in late life for persons with diabetes. We examined the relative contribution of cognitive functioning to mortality and functional disability over a 2-year period in a sample of nationally representative older US adults with diabetes who were free from cognitive impairment through secondary data analyses of the Second Longitudinal Study of Aging (LSOA II).

Two approaches of coronary risk assessment--do they work?

The risk assessment method reported by the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III, is used as a guide to define low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals and cutpoints for intervention. Two approaches of this method are described by National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III and were used to compute coronary heart disease risk among participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2002. In conclusion, the low-density lipoprotein goals were not clear for a sizable proportion of participants, especially using the second approach, and may lead to less intensive intervention.