Optical coherence tomographic hyperreflective foci in early stages of diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To analyze the presence of hyperreflective foci in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients, separately, without clinically significant diabetic macular edema and visual impairment.

Methods: Noninvasive, observational prospective study. Seventeen and 19 consecutive Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients (33 and 38 eyes), respectively, were recruited.

Macular dysfunction is common in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients without macular edema.

Purpose: To study retinal function in asymptomatic Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and no clinical signs of diabetic macular edema.

Methods: Thirty-six consecutive Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and no diabetic macular edema and 28 healthy controls underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including spectral domain optical coherence tomography and microperimetry.

Results: Seventy-one eyes (17 patients with Type 1 and 19 with Type 2 diabetes) were tested, and data from 36 (17 Type 1 and 19 Type 2) eyes were analyzed.

Comparison of exudative age-related macular degeneration subtypes in Japanese and French Patients: multicenter diagnosis with multimodal imaging.

Purpose: To compare and analyze differences and similarities between Japanese and French patients in subtype diagnosis of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) as determined by fundus photography (FP) and fluorescein angiography (FA), and a multimodal imaging involving FP, FA, indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Methods: We determined the subtype diagnosis for 99 consecutive Japanese eyes and 94 consecutive French eyes with exudative AMD.

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.

Background: To report the morphological macular findings detected by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to determine their prevalence in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Methods: SD-OCT scans of 176 eyes from 90 patients affected by RP were reviewed. A careful evaluation was carried out on photoreceptor inner/outer segment (IS/OS) junction, external limiting membrane (ELM), inner limiting membrane thickening (ILMT), epiretinal membranes (ERMs), retinal micropseudocysts (MPCs), cystoid macular edema (CME), macular holes (MHs) and choroidal neovascularization (CNV).

Intravitreal bevacizumab for juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to multifocal choroiditis.

Purpose: To assess the effects of intravitreal bevacizumab injections in the treatment of juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularization associated with multifocal choroiditis.

Methods: Prospective interventional case series. Fourteen patients (14 eyes) affected by juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to multifocal choroiditis were examined.

Intravitreal bevacizumab for retinal neovascularizations associated with myelinated nerve fibers.

Purpose: To report the effects of intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVBI) in a patient affected by retinal neovascularizations (RNVs) associated with myelinated nerve fibers (MNF) and complicated by vitreous hemorrhage.

Methods: A 23-year-old female was referred because of sudden visual acuity deterioration in the left eye. Nine years earlier, the subject underwent retinal laser photocoagulation for recurrent vitreous hemorrhages related to the development of RNV associated with MNF.

Characteristic SD-OCT findings in preeclampsia.

High-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of a patient affected by acute macular edema secondary to preeclampsia is described. The particular optical coherence tomography pattern was characterized by bilateral macular edema with a tent-shaped organization, associated with massive neurosensorial retinal detachment. Many hyperreflective irregular dots were evident in the context of a subfoveal clear cystic lesion.

Practical management of retinal vein occlusions.

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common cause of visual impairment due to retinal disease after diabetic retinopathy. Nowadays, the introduction of new, powerful diagnostic tools, such as spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and the widespread diffusion of intravitreal drugs, such as vascular endothelial grow factor inhibitors or implantable steroids, have dramatically changed the management and prognosis of RVO. The authors aim to summarize and review the main clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of this condition.

Scleral buckling dislocation mimicking glaucoma progression.

Unlabelled: PURPOSE. To report a case of scleral dislocation mimicking glaucoma progression.

Methods: Interventional case report.

Hyperreflective dots: a new spectral-domain optical coherence tomography entity for follow-up and prognosis in exudative age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) enables high-resolution analysis of retinal layers and previously unseen hyperreflective dots (HRD). HRD morphological characteristics, evolution, possible origin and prognostic value are discussed.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 100 patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), who were treated and followed up with monthly imaging examinations.

Influence of intraocular tamponade on unintentional retinal displacement after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between type of intraocular tamponade and unintentional retinal displacement after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Methods: Twenty-three eyes of 23 consecutive patients affected by rhegmatogenous retinal detachment underwent 3-port pars plana vitrectomy with gas (C3F8) or silicone oil (polydimethylsiloxane) tamponade. Ophthalmologic examination and fundus autofluorescence were performed before surgery (baseline) and at the 7-day, 1-month, and 3-month postoperative visits.

Choroid thickness measurement with RTVue optical coherence tomography in emmetropic eyes, mildly myopic eyes, and highly myopic eyes.

Purpose: To evaluate choroid thickness (CT) with RTVue spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and the effect of age and myopia in eyes without posterior complications.


Methods: In this multicenter cross-sectional study, all enrolled patients were over age 18 and divided them in 3 groups based on refraction: emmetropia (+1 D to -1 D), mild myopia (-1 D to -6 D), and high myopia (-6 D to -20 D) groups. Horizontal scans through the fovea were acquired with RTVue OCT (Optovue Inc.

Rebound effect after intravitreal dexamethasone implant for the treatment of macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion.

Aim: To report on the rebound macular edema (ME) effect following dexamethasone implant for the treatment of nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).

Methods: Twenty-one patients affected by ME secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) underwent an implant of dexamethasone (700 μg) in a compassionate use program. The patients were followed up monthly.

Primitive retinal vascular abnormalities: tumors and telangiectasias.

Primitive retinal vascular abnormalities are benign conditions of the retinal circulation that comprise vascular tumors and telangiectasias. The principal vascular tumors of the retina include retinal capillary hemangioma, cavernous hemangioma of the retina, racemose hemangiomatosis of the retina and retinal vasoproliferative tumor, while primary retinal telangiectasias include Coats' disease, Leber's miliary aneurysms and idiopathic juxtafoveal telangiectasias. In most cases, these alterations result in significant visual impairment due to exudation determined by the structural abnormalities of the retinal vasculature.

Birdshot retinochoroidopathy masquerading as intraocular lymphoma.

We present a case of a patient with bilateral posterior uveitis HLA-A29 positive, masquerading intraocular lymphoma. A 43 year-old woman presented with bilateral vitritis and chorioretinal lesions compatible with "birdshot lesions". The patient was initially diagnosed with birdshot retinochoroidopathy and later on, during follow up, the occurrence of neurologic involvement and the lack of response to systemic immunosuppression led us to re-evaluate the diagnosis.

Retinal involvement in nephrotic syndrome secondary to minimal change disease.

Purpose: Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by loss of different plasmatic proteins resulting in different peripheral tissue edemas. No ocular complications have been reported in nephrotic syndrome secondary to primary glomerular disease.

Methods: A 24-year-old woman was referred to emergency service for acute generalized edema, associated with bilateral visual impairment and metamorphopsia.

Intravitreal bevacizumab for extrafoveal choroidal neovascularization after ocular trauma.

Purpose: To describe two cases of extrafoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) after ocular trauma successfully treated with intravitreal bevacizumab injection.

Methods: A 41-year-old man presented for progressive visual impairment in the left eye (LE). The patient had a positive history for pseudoxanthoma elasticum and suffered a blunt trauma in the LE 1 year before.

Juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularization associated with retinitis pigmentosa treated with intravitreal bevacizumab.

Purpose: To describe a case of juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) occurring in a patient affected by retinitis pigmentosa (RP), treated with intravitreal bevacizumab over a 12-month follow-up.

Methods: A 66 year-old woman referred to our center for visual acuity deterioration was diagnosed as having classic juxtafoveal CNV associated with RP. The patient was treated with intravitreal bevacizumab, and was regularly monitored every month.

Ranibizumab in the treatment of patients with visual impairment due to diabetic macular edema.

Diabetic macular edema is the major cause of visual acuity impairment in diabetic patients. The exact etiopathogenesis is unknown and, currently, grid/focal retinal laser photocoagulation represents the recommended treatment. It has been demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic macular edema by mediating vascular permeability and accumulation of intracellular and extracellular fluid, and thereby represents an appealing candidate as a therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic macular edema.

Bilateral choroidal neovascularization associated with bilateral ABCA4 gene mutation.

Purpose: To describe a case of ABCA4 gene mutation (G1961E) associated with bilateral choroidal neovascularization (CNV) treated with intravitreal ranibizumab injections.

Methods: A 52-year-old man with bilateral CNV associated with ABCA4 gene mutation underwent complete ophthalmologic examination over a 30-month follow-up and was treated with intravitreal ranibizumab injections on an as-needed basis.

Results: Baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/32 in the right eye (RE) and 20/63 in the left eye (LE).

Macular micropseudocysts in early stages of diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To identify by noninvasive means early retinal abnormalities that may predict diabetic macular edema.

Methods: The authors analyzed retrospectively data from consecutive patients with Type 1 (n = 16) or Type 2 (n = 23) diabetes who presented for routine follow-up of early retinopathy, had no clinical signs or symptoms of diabetic macular edema, and were evaluated with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Age- and gender-matched nondiabetic subjects provided normative data.

SD OCT features of dry arcuate longstanding retinal folds.

Purpose: To report the spectral domain (SD) findings in a retinal fold secondary to vitrectomy surgery.

Methods: A 57-year-old man presented 1 month after vitrectomy surgery with gas injection (C₃F₈ 6%) in his left eye for treatment of a macula-on retinal detachment and was noted to have a retinal fold in the superior aspect of the macula. Complete ocular examination, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, autofluorescence, and SD optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed.