Telemedicine in Pediatric Infectious Diseases.

Telemedicine is the remote practice of medicine through the use of information and communication technologies for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and management of diseases. In this narrative review, we illustrate how telemedicine technologies are increasingly integrated into pediatric infectious disease programs with the aim of facilitating access to specialist care and reducing costs. There is widespread use of telemedicine for the management of acute and chronic infectious diseases, particularly in countries in which the majority of the population lives in rural areas, far from third-level hospital centers located in large urban centers.

Role of Artificial Intelligence in Fighting Antimicrobial Resistance in Pediatrics.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of science and engineering concerned with the computational understanding of what is commonly called intelligent behavior. AI is extremely useful in many human activities including medicine. The aim of our narrative review is to show the potential role of AI in fighting antimicrobial resistance in pediatric patients.

An Atypical Presentation of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in an Adolescent: A Case Report of Hypercalcaemia and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Due to a Mediastinal Parathyroid Adenoma.

Psychiatric disorders are rare clinical manifestations of hypercalcaemia in the pediatric population, are relatively more frequent during adolescence and are often overlooked in cases of severe hypercalcaemia. We described the case of a 17-year-old girl affected by anorexia nervosa, depression and self-harm with incidental detection of moderate hypercalcaemia. Clinical, laboratory and instrumental tests demonstrated that hypercalcaemia was secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) due to a mediastinal parathyroid adenoma in the thymic parenchyma.

Improving the Quality of Hospital Antibiotic Use: Impact on Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections in Children.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered a rapidly growing global public health emergency. Neonates and children are among patients for whom antibiotics are largely prescribed and for whom the risk of AMR development is high. The phenomenon of increasing AMR has led to the need to develop measures aimed at the rational and effective use of the available drugs also in children and antimicrobial stewardship (AS), which is one of the measures that in adults has showed the highest efficacy in reducing antibiotic abuse and misuse, appears as an attractive approach.

An Unusual Dysphagia for Solids in a 17-Year-Old Girl Due To a Lusoria Artery: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Dysphagia is a condition that can have many underlying causes, often different between adults and children and its early diagnosis is crucial especially during childhood and adolescence, given the importance of proper nutritional intake to ensure adequate growth and development. We described the case of a 17-year-old girl reporting dysphagia for solids for approximately one month. No symptoms were previously referred.

Clinical utility of beta-hydroxybutyrate measurement in the management of physiological ketosis at home in children under 5.

Aim: To verify the possible advantages of 3- β-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) measurement compared to urinary assay of ketones during an intercurrent disease managed at home.

Methods: Twelve Pediatricians were asked to enroll at least 4 patients aged 3 to 5 years, affected by an intercurrent illness and showing at least one of symptoms reliable to ketosis. Recruited patients were submitted to the simultaneous assay of 3HB in capillary blood and ketones in urine at 3 (T3) and 6 hours (T6) from the first measurement (T0).

Disturbed eating behavior in pre-teen and teenage girls and boys with type 1 diabetes.

Aim: To investigate Disturbed Eating Behavior (DEB) and eating patterns in the context of a teenage population with T1D.

Methods: DEB was investigated using Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) test by a psychologist. Questions regarding insulin dosage manipulation or omission to obtain decrease in weight were added.