Sex differences in tuberculosis infection and disease among people with HIV.

Objectives: Worldwide, adult men experience an excess burden of tuberculosis (TB) disease compared with women, but few studies have examined sex differences in TB among people with HIV. In this study, we aimed to investigate sex differences in TB infection and disease among people with HIV in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Design: Analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial and retrospective cohort study.

Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum: A Diagnostic Challenge in a Patient Presenting With Excessive Vomiting and Neck Swelling.

Hamman's syndrome, or spontaneous pneumomediastinum, refers to free air in the mediastinum without an apparent cause and typically affects young people. This case report describes a 33-year-old man who presented with neck swelling following excessive vomiting due to alcohol consumption. Clinical examination revealed subcutaneous emphysema of the neck, and imaging confirmed pneumomediastinum.

INFERIOR VENA CAVA FILTER PLACEMENT FOR PREVENTION OF PULMONARY THROMBOEMBOLISM: CASE SERIES FROM NORTHWESTERN NIGERIA.

Background: Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement is an image-guided procedure aimed at primarily preventing pulmonary thromboembolism in patients with lower limb venous thromboembolic (VTE) disease. In Northern Nigeria with a relatively high incidence of thromboembolic disease such as Deep vein thrombosis, reports on IVC filter placement are largely low. We report the feasibility of IVC filter placement on eight patients for the first time in a typical low-resource setting in Northern Nigeria.

The Time to Inflammatory Bowel Disease Diagnosis for Patients Presenting with Abdominal Symptoms in Primary Care and its Association with Emergency Hospital Admissions and Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presenting to primary care may experience diagnostic delays. We aimed to evaluate this and assess whether time to diagnosis is associated with clinical outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study using English primary care data from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019, linked to hospital admission data was undertaken.

Corrigendum to "Second round statewide sentinel-based population survey for estimation of the burden of active infection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the general population of Karnataka, India, during January-February 2021" [IJID Regions Vol 1(2021) pages 107-116].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.

Variation in proliferative and cell cycle markers in Barrett's esophagus in relation to circumferential and axial location in the esophagus.

Background: Adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus (BE) occurs more frequently between 12 and 3 o'clock at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ).

Methods: BE patients were prospectively recruited from December 2013 to July 2016. Expression of p53, Ki-67, cyclin-D1, COX-2 and p21 was assessed in quadrantic biopsies from the proximal and distal margins of the BE segments.

Understanding rural women's preferences for telephone call engagement with primary health care providers in Nigeria: a discrete choice experiment.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the use of mobile phones to provide primary health care services and maintain continuity of care. This study aims to understand rural women's preferences for telephone call engagement with primary health care providers in Nigeria.

Methods: A discrete choice experiment was conducted alongside an action research project that empowered primary health care workers to develop and implement a telephone call intervention to assess and enhance experiences with facility childbirth care.

Prevalence and Determinants of Endothelial Dysfunction among Adults Living with HIV in Northwest Nigeria.

Background: Endothelial dysfunction constitutes an early pathophysiological event in atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, determinants, and degree of endothelial dysfunction in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated people living with HIV (PLWH) in northwestern Nigeria using brachial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD).

Methods: This was a comparative, cross-sectional study.

Umbrella systematic review of potential quality indicators for the detection of dysplasia and cancer at upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy lacks established quality indicators. We conducted an umbrella systematic review of potential quality indicators for the detection of UGI cancer and dysplasia. Bibliographic databases were searched up to December 2021 for systematic reviews and primary studies.

Women's perceptions of telephone interviews about their experiences with childbirth care in Nigeria: A qualitative study.

Our objective is to investigate women's perceptions of phone interviews about their experiences with facility childbirth care. The study was conducted between October 2020 and January 2021, in Gombe State, Nigeria. Participants were women aged 15-49 years, who delivered in ten study Primary Health Care centres, provided phone numbers, and consented to a follow-up telephone interview about their childbirth experience.

Operationalising effective coverage measurement of facility based childbirth in Gombe State; a comparison of data sources.

Estimating effective coverage of childbirth care requires linking population based data sources to health facility data. For effective coverage to gain widespread adoption there is a need to focus on the feasibility of constructing these measures using data typically available to decision makers in low resource settings. We estimated effective coverage of childbirth care in Gombe State, northeast Nigeria, using two different combinations of facility data sources and examined their strengths and limitations for decision makers.

Marketing of commercial milk formula during COVID-19 in Indonesia.

Baby food marketing poses a substantial barrier to breastfeeding, which adversely affects mothers' and children's health. Over the last decade, the baby food industry has utilised various marketing tactics in Indonesia, including direct marketing to mothers and promoting products in public spaces and within the healthcare system. This study examined the marketing of commercial milk formula (CMF) and other breast-milk substitute products during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.

Mind-Body Integrative Health (MBIH) Interventions for Sleep among Adolescents: A Scoping Review of Implementation, Participation and Outcomes.

Adolescents get insufficient sleep, adversely affecting health. Mind-body integrative health interventions for adolescents have been shown to reduce stress, a barrier to good sleep. This scoping review aimed to synthesize mind-body integrative health interventions for adolescents, how interventions were implemented, who was reached.

How valid are women's reports of the antenatal health services they receive from Community Health Workers in Gombe State north-eastern Nigeria?

Background: Community health workers (CHWs) in low- and middle-income countries are key to increasing coverage of maternal and newborn interventions through home visits to counsel families about healthy behaviours. Household surveys enable tracking the progress of CHW programmes but recent evidence questions the accuracy of maternal reports. We measured the validity of women's responses about the content of care they received during CHW home visits and examined whether the accuracy of women's responses was affected by CHW counselling skills.

Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic potential of dietary flavonoids: A review.

Chronic inflammation plays an imperative role in the onset and progression of chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, cancer, allergies, and asthma. Diet can modulate different stages of inflammation since it is a rich source of antioxidants and bioactive compounds. Flavonoids are bioactive compounds abundantly found in various food groups such as vegetables, fruits, nuts, cereals, and beverages.

Smart face shield for the monitoring of COVID-19 physiological parameters: Personal protective equipment (PPE) for health-care workers (HCW's) and COVID-19 patients.

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered instabilities in various aspects of daily life. This includes economic, social, financial, and health crisis. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic with the evolution of different virus strains such as delta and omicron has led to frequent global lockdowns.

A root cause analysis system to establish the most plausible explanation for post-endoscopy upper gastrointestinal cancer.

BACKGROUND : Missing upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGIC) at endoscopy may prevent curative treatment. We have developed a root cause analysis system for potentially missed UGICs at endoscopy (post-endoscopy UGIC [PEUGIC]) to establish the most plausible explanations. METHODS : The electronic records of patients with UGIC at two National Health Service providers were examined.

Respiratory quinolones can eradicate amoxicillin-induced mature biofilms and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in biofilms.

Objectives: Biofilm is thought to be involved in the persistent bacterial infections caused by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotics against NTHi biofilms.

Methods: A 96-wells pin replicator assay was applied for evaluation of antimicrobial efficacies against NTHi biofilms.

Delta variant SARS-CoV-2 infections in pediatric cases during the second wave in India.

Background: During October 2020, Delta variant was detected for the first time in India and rampantly spread across the globe. It also led to second wave of pandemic in India which affected millions of people. However, there is limited information pertaining to the SARS-CoV-2 strain infecting the children in India.

The association between inflammatory bowel disease and mental ill health: a retrospective cohort study using data from UK primary care.

Background: Patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and mental illnesses experience worse IBD outcomes.

Aim: To describe the incidence of mental illnesses, including deliberate self-harm, in IBD patients.

Methods: A population-based retrospective cohort study using IQVIA medical research data of a primary care database covering the whole UK, between January 1995 and January 2021.

Second round statewide sentinel-based population survey for estimation of the burden of active infection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the general population of Karnataka, India, during January-February 2021.

Objective: Demonstrate the feasibility of using the existing sentinel surveillance infrastructure to conduct the second round of the serial cross-sectional sentinel-based population survey. Assess active infection, seroprevalence, and their evolution in the general population across Karnataka. Identify local variations for locally appropriate actions.

Influence of context on quality improvement priorities: a qualitative study of three facility types in Lagos State, Nigeria.

Background: Quality improvement (QI) collaboratives are increasingly popular. However, there is a need for an in-depth understanding of the influence of context on its implementation. We explored the influence of context on the change concepts considered by public primary (primary health centres), public secondary (public hospitals) and private (private facilities) collaboratives established to improve maternal and newborn health outcomes in Lagos State, Nigeria.

To call or not to call: exploring the validity of telephone interviews to derive maternal self-reports of experiences with facility childbirth care in northern Nigeria.

Background: To institutionalise respectful maternity care, frequent data on the experience of childbirth care is needed by health facility staff and managers. Telephone interviews have been proposed as a low-cost alternative to derive timely and actionable maternal self-reports of experience of care. However, evidence on the validity of telephone interviews for this purpose is limited.

Improving maternal and newborn health services in Northeast Nigeria through a government-led partnership of stakeholders: a quasi-experimental study.

Objectives: This study aimed to quantify change in the coverage, quality and equity of essential maternal and newborn healthcare interventions in Gombe state, Northeast Nigeria, following a four year, government-led, maternal and newborn health intervention.

Design: Quasi-experimental plausibility study. Repeat cross-sectional household and linked health facility surveys were implemented in intervention and comparison areas.