[The basic syndromes of neurological disorders in Lyme borreliosis].

Long-term follow-up of 92 Lyme's borreliosis sufferers with different neurological syndromes allowed the authors to distinguish as the following basic nervous disturbances typical for this disease: peripheral neuropathies, encephalopathies, meningoencephalitis, serous meningitis. Peripheral neuropathies occurred most frequently (80%). The disease duration and severity were often substantial.

[The clinical picture and pathogenesis of polyradiculoneuropathy in tick-borne encephalitis].

Based on examination of tick-borne encephalitis patients with ascending polyradiculoneuropathy the authors describe the character of the disease, its clinical picture and the results of laboratory studies, etc. Differential diagnosis is made between the indicated syndrome associated with tick-borne encephalitis and sporadic polyradiculoneuropathies. A detailed description is given for the first time of the clinical and pathomorphological picture of that gravest form of tick-borne encephalitis.

[Virolex in the treatment of herpetic diseases of the nervous system].

The authors relate the results of the use of virolex (acyclovir), a new etiotropic agent, for the treatment of some herpetic lesions of the nervous system. The use of the drug for the treatment of herpetic encephalitis, one of the gravest forms of encephalitides, exerts a beneficial effect. In the course of the treatment, it is of paramount importance to adhere to the established time of therapy, since the disease may recur.

[Polymorphism of clinical manifestations of Lyme disease].

The paper describes a clinical picture of a new transmissible disease which got widespread in the Middle zone of Russia. It is caused by a tick-borne organism pertaining to new pathogenic species of Borrelia. Early in its onset Lyme Borrelia (LB) infection presented with tick-borne erythema, followed by neurological and cardiac complications eventuating in locomotor disturbances.

[Mental disorders in encephalitis caused by the herpes simplex virus].

The article presents the results of a combined (clinicopsychopathological, neurological, computed tomography) investigation of 28 patients with encephalitides caused by the virus of herpes simplex type 1 at various periods of the disease. The peculiarities of psychopath-like signs at the initial stage of the disease are shown in their relation with wekefullness level fluctuations and epileptic reactions. Diagnostic and prognostic values of distinct psychopathologic signs are evaluated.

[Clinical characteristics of tick-borne spirochete infection (Lyme disease)].

A total of 54 patients with tick-borne annular erythema (TAE) were investigated. In 41 patients different nervous system involvement signs were observed: radicular syndrome, serose meningitis, limbs paresis. Epidemiological and clinical signs of TAE in the USSR are much like those of Laim disease in USA and Western Europe.

[The clinical manifestations and diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis].

Lyme borreliosis (LB), an infectious disease occurring in the western and eastern hemispheres, is described. The disease that had been observed retrospectively for several decades was verified in the 1980 s. The causative agent of the disease is a new species of Borrelia transmitted with ticks.

[Herpetic encephalitis: the clinico-virological aspect of its diagnosis].

Eight patients with herpetic encephalitis (HE) and one patient with herpetic meningitis were investigated. The clinical and laboratory investigations (CR, EEG, and others) are described. In all the cases the diagnosis was corroborated with serological and virological tests unraveling the herpes simplex virus.

[Immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood in acute neuroinfections].

The authors have examined 42 patients with viral encephalitides and other central nervous system lesions using a complex of clinical and viroimmunological methods of examination. The main emphasis has been laid on measuring immunoglobulins A, M, and G in the blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid. The results have shown marked changes in humoral immunity.

[Humoral immunity in subjects with a history of tick-borne encephalitis].

A total of 137 patients with a history of focal and meningeal forms of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) were examined in the period from 1 to 7 years after the acute stage of the disease. In their examination the authors used hemagglutination inhibition test in the acute and the long-term periods and neutralization test in the late periods. Antibodies to the TBE virus were detected in individuals living in the western region of TBE prevalence (Latvian SSR).

[Debatable questions concerning the problem of multiple sclerosis].

Analysis of the literature data and the author's own findings indicate that the theory of the infectious and primarily viral nature of multiple sclerosis (MS) does not appear valid. It is emphasized that autoimmune mechanisms are only one of the leading pathogenic factors in relation to this disease. Ninety-two MS patients were examined.

[Diagnostic significance of detecting respiratory virus antigens in cerebrospinal fluid and brain cells].

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 202 patients (114 children and 88 adults) was studied by immunofluorescent techniques. Antigens of respiratory viruses in the CSF were most frequently encountered (22%) in patients with the involvement of the central nervous system (usually meningoencephalitis) in the presence of acute respiratory disease. In lethal outcomes in the same group viral antigens in brain cells were also identified.

[Incidence and features of neuroinfections induced by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus].

A follow-up examination of blood sera and cerebrospinal fluid was carried out in 413 patients with various neuroinfections and related diseases. The modern immunological methods were employed: the complement fixation test, the fluorescent antibody test as well as immuno-enzymic and radioimmunoassays. It was established that 8.

[Diagnostic significance of immunologic study of cerebrospinal fluid in neuroinfections].

An increase in the antibody titre in the blood serum, previously considered sufficient for determining the etiology of neuroinfection can no longer be regarded as a satisfactory index in the light of the contemporary level of our knowledge. The literature and the authors' own data show the importance of a simultaneous examination of antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid and the blood serum in some neuroinfections. For example, the determination in the cerebrospinal fluid of antibodies to herpes simplex virus in herpetic encephalitis is considered sufficient (in the presence of the characteristic clinical picture) to make the diagnosis of this severe disease.

[Lesions of the nervous system in tick-borne erythema annulare].

The authors examined thirty-two patients with tick-borne erythema annulare which developed after tick bites. The disease had a peculiar nosological form and was characterized by tick sticking, an incubation period, the presence in the majority of patients of the temperature reaction and manifestations of general infection in the acute period, the development of migrating erythema annulare, frequent lesions (26 patients) of the nervous system in the form of the radicular symptoms, serous meningitis, pareses of the facial muscles, etc. Electrophysiological examination of patients revealed marked changes.

[Efficacy of piracetam treatment of acute viral neuroinfections].

Piracetam influence on the depth of consciousness loss and psychic function recovery was examined in two groups of 30 patients (study and control) selected at random. The study was carried out in conditions of a specialized department for patients with acute virus neuroinfections. Accelerated periods of egress from unconsciousness (including coma), high rate of reduction of psychoorganic and somatovegetative disorders followed by successful rehabilitation were characteristic of patients given piracetam from the disease onset.

[Clinical and computer tomographic diagnosis of necrotic encephalitis].

Twenty-five patients with a suspicion of necrotic encephalitis were examined by computer-aided tomography (CT). Brain tumors were detected in 5 patients. Three patients had negative results of CT examination and later other etiology was established in these cases.

[Clinical picture and course of multiple sclerosis among inhabitants of the southwest regions of Uzbekistan].

Eighty-two typical cases of disseminated sclerosis (DS) in the population of several regions of Uzbekistan were analyzed. Three groups of patients were identified: group I included indigenous population (21); group II non-indigenous population born in Uzbekistan (14); group III non-indigenous population born in the European part of the country. The clinical study allowed the authors to elucidate the presence of similar signs indicating the unity of etiopathogenetic factors of DS and differences occasioned by the populational characteristics of various ethnic groups of the total population as well as by the influence of the climatic and geographical conditions of the region.

[Sequelae of different clinical forms of the acute stage of tick-borne encephalitis].

One to 38 years after the disease onset follow-up examinations were carried out involving 311 survivors of acute tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Subjects from different regions of the Soviet Union were examined. Three forms of acute period were identified: focal (FTBE), meningeal (MTBE) and pyretic (PTBE).

[Encephalitis related to influenza in adults].

The results of clinical, virological, and pathomorphological examinations of 25 patients with nervous system involvement into the morbid process caused by influenza infection are presented. The influenza-associated encephalitis is regarded as a manifestation of an infectious-allergic process, in the pathogenesis of which the vascular factor plays the leading role. Therapy with vasoactive drugs combined with glucocorticoids has appeared to be the most efficacious.