Review of Hyperkalemia in End Stage Renal Disease.

Potassium balance is maintained in the body by balancing the intake with the excretion and the transcellular shifts of potassium. Excretion of potassium is mainly renal as the contribution of the colon to the net potassium secretion of the colon to the net potassium secretion is trivial in patients with normal renal function. As the majority of potassium excretion is renal, it is not surprising to note that patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) are at an increased risk of developing hyperkalemia in ESRD patients has been estimated to be 3-5%.

IgA Nephropathy in a Patient Presenting with Pseudotumor Cerebri.

IgA nephropathy is the most common glomerulonephritis worldwide and typically has minimal signs for chronicity in histopathology at the time of initial presentation. Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) is characterized by increased intracranial pressure in the absence of any intracranial lesions, inflammation, or obstruction. PTC has been reported in renal transplant and dialysis patients, but we are unaware of any reports of pseudotumor cerebri in patients with IgA nephropathy.

Frequency and characteristic features of portal hypertensive gastropathy in patients with viral cirrhosis.

Objective: To determine the frequency and specific characteristic features of portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) in cirrhosis due to viral etiology.

Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from June 2006 till June 2008.

Precipitating factors and the outcome of hepatic encephalopathy in liver cirrhosis.

Objective: To determine precipitants of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and their impact on hospital stay and mortality.

Study Design: Cross-sectional, analytical study.

Place And Duration Of Study: The Aga Khan University Hospital, from January 2005 to December 2007.

Cost saving by reloading the multiband ligator in endoscopic esophageal variceal ligation: a proposal for developing countries.

Aim: To assess the cost savings of reloading the multiband ligator in endoscopic esophageal variceal ligation (EVL) used on the same patient for subsequent sessions.

Methods: This single centre retrospective descriptive study analysed patients undergoing variceal ligation at a tertiary care centre between 1st January, 2003 and 30th June, 2006. The multiband ligator was reloaded with six hemorrhoidal bands using hemorrhoidal ligator for the second and subsequent sessions.

Brain abscess in children.

Objectives: Brain abscess is a serious life-threatening complication of several diseases. The objective of this study was to look at the clinical profile of patients, predisposing conditions, microbiology and outcome of children suffering from brain abscess.

Methods: Thirty children aged less than 15 years were reviewed.