Efficacy of Fasting in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review.

Over the last decade, studies suggested that dietary behavior modification, including fasting, can improve metabolic and cardiovascular markers as well as body composition. Given the increasing prevalence of people with type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the increasing obesity (also in combination with diabetes), nutritional therapies are gaining importance, besides pharmaceutical interventions. Fasting has demonstrated beneficial effects for both healthy individuals and those with metabolic diseases, leading to increased research interest in its impact on glycemia and associated short- and long-term complications.

Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Physical Activity.

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use has several potential positive effects on diabetes management. These benefits are, e.g.

SPECTRUM.

Background: Optimal usage of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) requires adequate training of the users. Providing patients with a CGM system without such a training usually doesn't lead to the intended improvement in metabolic control.

Methods: In Germany we developed a structured training program ("SPECTRUM") to ensure a high quality standard for the use of CGM systems.