is a source of α-tocomonoenol, and its concentration, in contrast to α-tocopherol, is not affected by nitrogen depletion.

α-Tomonoenols (αT1) are tocochromanols structurally related to tocopherols (T) and tocotrienols (T3), the bioactive members of the vitamin E family. However, limited evidence exists regarding the sources and biosynthesis of tocomonoenols. Nitrogen depletion increases the content of α-tocopherol (αT), the main vitamin E congener, in microalgae, but little is known regarding its effect on other tocochromanols, such as tocomonoenols and tocotrienols.

Improving Determination of Pigment Contents in Microalgae Suspension with Absorption Spectroscopy: Light Scattering Effect and Bouguer-Lambert-Beer Law.

The Bouguer-Lambert-Beer (BLB) law serves as the fundamental basis for the spectrophotometric determination of pigment content in microalgae. Although it has been observed that the applicability of the BLB law is compromised by the light scattering effect in microalgae suspensions, in-depth research concerning the relationship between the light scattering effect and the accuracy of spectrophotometric pigment determination remains scarce. We hypothesized that (1) the precision of spectrophotometric pigment content determination using the BLB law would diminish with increasing nonlinearity of absorbance, and (2) employing the modified version of the BLB (mBLB) law would yield superior performance.

Improving microalgae growth modeling of outdoor cultivation with light history data using machine learning models: A comparative study.

Accurate prediction of microalgae growth is crucial for understanding the impacts of light dynamics and optimizing production. Although various mathematical models have been proposed, only a few of them have been validated in outdoor cultivation. This study aims to investigate the use of machine learning algorithms in microalgae growth modeling.

Influence of light conditions on the production of chrysolaminarin using Phaeodactylum tricornutum in artificially illuminated photobioreactors.

The light conditions are of utmost importance in any microalgae production process especially involving artificial illumination. This also applies to a chrysolaminarin (soluble 1,3-β-glucan) production process using the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Here we examine the influence of the amount of light per gram biomass (specific light availability) and the influence of two different biomass densities (at the same amount of light per gram biomass) on the accumulation of the storage product chrysolaminarin during nitrogen depletion in artificially illuminated flat-panel airlift photobioreactors.

A novel model extended from the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law can describe the non-linear absorbance of potassium dichromate solutions and microalgae suspensions.

The Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law is widely used as the fundamental equation for quantification in absorption spectroscopy. However, deviations from the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law have also been observed, such as chemical deviation and light scattering effect. While it has been proven and shown that the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law is valid only under very restricted limitations, there are only a few alternatives of analytical models to this law.

Potentially Beneficial Effects on Healthy Aging by Supplementation of the EPA-Rich Microalgae or Its Supernatant-A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial in Elderly Individuals.

Dietary supplements that promote healthy aging are mostly warranted in an aging society. Because of age-related risks, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agents such as microalgae are potential candidates for intervention. In a randomized controlled trial, we tested (PT), a microalgae rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), carotenoids, vitamins, and β-glucans, cultured in bioreactors.

The Microalgae Is Well Suited as a Food with Positive Effects on the Intestinal Microbiota and the Generation of SCFA: Results from a Pre-Clinical Study.

Microalgae such as (PT) are a sustainable source of nutrients, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), fucoxanthin (Fx), and chrysolaminarin (Chrl), the concentrations of which can vary depending on the culture conditions. We generated three types of diets containing either an EPA- and Fx-rich (EPA/Fx) or Chrl-rich microalgae (with 5, 15, or 25% added to the diet) or an isocaloric control diet (CD). These diets were evaluated over 14 days in young C57BL/6J mice for safety and bioavailability, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and microbiome analysis.

Tocochromanol Profiles in , and Confirm the Presence of 11'-α-Tocomonoenol in Cultured Microalgae Independently of Species and Origin.

11'-α-Tocomonoenol (11'-αT1) is structurally related to vitamin E and has been quantified in the microalgae sp. and . However, it is not known whether 11'-αT1 is present in other microalgae independent of species and origin.

Management of Hypercholesterolemia Through Dietary ß-glucans-Insights From a Zebrafish Model.

Consumption of lipid-rich foods can increase the blood cholesterol content. β-glucans have hypocholesterolemic effect. However, subtle changes in their molecular branching can influence bioactivity.

Oral Bioavailability of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Carotenoids from the Microalgae in Healthy Young Adults.

The microalgae (PT) contains valuable nutrients such as proteins, polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (-3 PUFA), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and some docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), carotenoids such as fucoxanthin (FX), and beta-glucans, which may confer health benefits. In a randomized intervention trial involving 22 healthy individuals, we administered for two weeks in a crossover manner the whole biomass of PT (5.3 g/day), or fish oil (FO) containing equal amounts of EPA and DHA (together 300 mg/day).

Immune Status and Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity of Gilthead Seabream Juveniles Fed Yeast and Microalga Derived β-glucans.

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with β-glucans extracted from yeast () and microalga () on gene expression, oxidative stress biomarkers and plasma immune parameters in gilthead seabream () juveniles. A practical commercial diet was used as the control (CTRL), and three others based on CTRL were further supplemented with different β-glucan extracts. One was derived from (diet MG) and two different extracts of 21% and 37% -derived β-glucans (defined as Phaeo21 and Phaeo37), to give a final 0.

Fucoxanthin, A Carotenoid Derived from Exerts Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Activities In Vitro.

Microalgae contain a multitude of nutrients and can be grown sustainably. Fucoxanthin, a carotenoid from could have beneficial health effects. Therefore, we investigated the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antiproliferative effects of fucoxanthin derived from this diatom in vitro.

A Lipophilic Fucoxanthin-Rich Extract Ameliorates Effects of Diet-Induced Obesity in C57BL/6J Mice.

() comprise several lipophilic constituents with proposed anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties. We investigated the effect of an ethanolic extract (PTE) on energy metabolism in obesity-prone mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). Six- to eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were switched to HFD and, at the same time, received orally placebo or PTE (100 mg or 300 mg/kg body weight/day).

Bioavailability and Safety of Nutrients from the Microalgae and in C57BL/6 Mice.

Microalgae are rich in macronutrients and therefore, they have been proposed as a potential future food source preserving natural resources. Here, we studied safety and bioavailability of algae nutrients in mice. Three microalgae species, and , were studied after ball mill disruption at different doses (5%, 15% and 25% dry weight) for 14 days.

Optimization of outdoor cultivation in flat panel airlift reactors for lipid production by Chlorella vulgaris.

Microalgae are discussed as a potential renewable feedstock for biofuel production. The production of highly concentrated algae biomass with a high fatty acid content, accompanied by high productivity with the use of natural sunlight is therefore of great interest. In the current study an outdoor pilot plant with five 30 L Flat Panel Airlift reactors (FPA) installed southwards were operated in 2011 in Stuttgart, Germany.