Nociceptin and the NOP receptor in aversive learning in mice.

The endogenous neuropeptide nociceptin (N/OFQ), which mediates its actions via the nociceptin receptor (NOP), is implicated in multiple behavioural and physiological functions. This study examined the effects of the NOP agonists N/OFQ and the synthetic agonist Ro 64-6198, the antagonists NNN and NalBzoH, as well as deletion of the Pronociceptin gene on emotional memory in mice. The animals were tested in the passive avoidance (PA) task, dependent on hippocampal and amygdala functions.

The Philip Morris Nordic journalist program: strategies, implementation and outcomes.

Objectives: To describe media strategies for the Nordic countries outlined in internal Philip Morris documents and to evaluate their implementation and outcomes.

Methods: Systematic search of internal tobacco industry documents from the databases available on the Internet and retrieval of newspaper and magazine articles from Sweden and Finland.

Results: The Philip Morris Nordic journalist program contained a broad range of strategies to communicate company views and to counteract negative publicity, including trips for journalists, media briefings and special events.

[50 years after the discovery of the DNA structure its implications still have not reached clinical practice. Our genetic material is "a big tangle of nucleic acids and proteins"].

It is now 50 years since the double helical structure of DNA was discovered. Even if the knowledge about the DNA structure has had great implications for many disciplines in medical and genetic research, the big breakthrough is still to come in clinical practice. Much research is now focusing on elucidating the regulatory mechanisms controlling the activity and behaviour of the genes of our genome.

[Malaria kills over 1 million people every year. Genomic mapping of malaria parasite and mosquito raise hope for a vaccine as well as more effective drugs].

Every year, malaria kills between 1 and 2 million people. Another half billion get infected but survive. Most cases of malaria are found in sub-Saharan Africa.