Oral Health Status of Healthcare Workers in Ilembula/Tanzania during the COVID-19 Condition.

The challenge of reduced dental treatment and education infrastructure in the Tanzanian highlands affects the oral health situation of both the general population and local healthcare workers. The aim of this study was to investigate the oral health status of healthcare workers at Ilembula Lutheran Hospital (ILH), Tanzania, during the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, 134 healthcare workers (62 women, 72 men; mean age 36.

Changing epidemiology of COVID-19: potential future impact on vaccines and vaccination strategies.

Introduction: COVID-19 was an unprecedented challenge worldwide; however, disease epidemiology has evolved, and COVID-19 no longer constitutes a public health emergency of international concern. Nonetheless, COVID-19 remains a global threat and uncertainties remain, including definition of the end of the pandemic and transition to endemicity, and understanding true rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection/transmission.

Areas Covered: Six international experts convened (April 2023) to interpret changing COVID-19 epidemiology and public health challenges.

How the corona pandemic affects the global fight against tuberculosis and how to react.

The emergence of the acute pandemic by SARS-CoV-2 is a setback for the fight against chronic pandemics like tuberculosis (TB), malaria, and HIV/AIDS. In fact, after more than a decade of decreasing fatality numbers, 2020 saw a re-increase in the number of people dying from TB. After COVID-19, TB was the infectious disease with the second-highest fatality rate caused by a single pathogen, with 1.

Comprehensive Medical Support in Complex Emergencies (CMSCE): pilot course review.

Global threats to health and health security are growing. Fragile and failed states, armed groups, ungoverned spaces, outbreaks and potential unknown "Disease X" threats, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), hybrid and gray zone conflict all exacerbate complex medical emergencies. These growing threats increase preventable morbidity and mortality of the most vulnerable populations.

Socialization During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Social and Scientific Networks During Social Distancing.

In the COVID-19 era, while we are encouraged to be physically far away from each other, social and scientific networking is needed more than ever. The dire consequences of social distancing can be diminished by social networking. Social media, a quintessential component of social networking, facilitates the dissemination of reliable information and fighting against misinformation by health authorities.

All together to Fight COVID-19.

Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), named a pandemic by the WHO, is the current global health crisis. National and international collaboration are indispensable for combating COVID-19 and other similar potential outbreaks. International efforts to tackle this complex problem have led to remarkable scientific advances.

[The tuberculosis situation in the Berlin prison system from 2011-2016-a follow-up study].

Prison inmates are generally considered to be a high-risk group for tuberculosis (TB). When compared to the general population, the incidence and prevalence rates for TB are significantly higher among inmates. This follow-up survey examines the TB situation in Berlin prison facilities from 2011-2016 in comparison to the years 1996-1998 and 2007-2010.

Data on the descriptive overview and the quality assessment details of 12 qualitative research papers.

This data article presents the supplementary material for the review paper "Role of acceptability barriers in delayed diagnosis of Tuberculosis: Literature review from high burden countries" (Barnabishvili et al., in press) [1]. General overview of 12 qualitative papers, including the details about authors, years of publication, data source locations, study objectives, overview of methods, study population characteristics, as well as the details of intervention and the outcome parameters of the papers are summarized in the first two tables included to the article.

Role of acceptability barriers in delayed diagnosis of Tuberculosis: Literature review from high burden countries.

Purpose: Direct transmission of mutated tuberculosis (TB) strains is among major contributors to the worldwide epidemic of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Expanding access to TB-services and decreasing diagnostic delays are acknowledged as potential solutions. We aimed to summarize evidence about links between health care acceptability barriers and TB diagnostic delays.

Barriers to access to antiretroviral treatment for HIV-positive tuberculosis patients in Windhoek, Namibia.

Setting: Namibia faces a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV-infection. In 2011, 50% of the TB patients were co-infected with HIV. While all patients co-infected with TB and HIV are eligible for antiretroviral treatment (ART), only 54% were reported to have received ART according to national data.

Determination of heat-induced changes in the protein secondary structure of reconstituted livetins (water-soluble proteins from hen's egg yolk) by FTIR.

This study characterized the impact of technological treatments on the protein secondary structure of a newly developed egg yolk livetin formulation and its components α-livetin, which is identical with chicken serum albumin, and γ-livetin, the bioactive antibody immunoglobulin Y. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy at 25 °C revealed that the largest proportion of conformal elements comprised intramolecular (native) β-sheets (60-80%) in γ-livetin, and α-helices/random coils (60.59%) in α-livetin.

The Berlin Declaration on tuberculosis and its consequences for TB research and control in the WHO-Euro region.

In his famous presentation 'Ueber Tuberculose', Robert Koch (1843-1910) changed the view on tuberculosis as disease, identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the etiologic agent and revolutionized the fight against infectious disease in diagnosis, therapy and prevention. Koch gave this presentation in Berlin on March 24, 1882 [1]. Exactly 100 years later, 1982, the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) proposed the 24th of March as 'World Tuberculosis Day'.

Nocardia farcinica activates human dendritic cells and induces secretion of interleukin-23 (IL-23) rather than IL-12p70.

Studying the interaction of dendritic cells (DCs) with bacteria controlled by T-cell-mediated immune responses may reveal novel adjuvants for the induction of cellular immunity. Murine studies and the observation that nocardias infect predominantly immunosuppressed patients have suggested that these bacteria may possess an adjuvant potential. Moreover, adjuvants on the basis of the nocardial cell wall have been applied in clinical studies.

[Berlin Declaration on Tuberculosis: High Level Follow-Up of High Priority Countries for TB Control in the WHO-EURO Region 'Double Trouble or Double Success? Bringing Together Diseases and Programs' - a symposium report].

The global tuberculosis (TB) situation has deteriorated dramatically since the beginning of the 1990s. In 2007, the WHO identified 18 countries of the WHO European Region as 'high priority countries' and introduced a plan for these countries to improve the situation. To further promote solutions a WHO European Ministerial Forum 'All against Tuberculosis' took place in Berlin in 2007 and resulted in the 'Berlin Declaration' which was commonly endorsed.

[Control of tuberculosis in Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union].

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious threat to public health in Russia and other former Soviet Union Countries. The purpose of this paper is to describe the current trends of TB and MDR-TB in Russia and identify the characteristics of the traditional Russian TB control model inherited from the Soviet Union. We discuss current challenges to TB control in the country.

Safety and immunogenicity of an intramuscular Helicobacter pylori vaccine in noninfected volunteers: a phase I study.

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori infection is among the most common human infections and the major risk factor for peptic disease and gastric cancer. Immunization with vaccines containing the H pylori vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), cytotoxin-associated antigen (CagA), and neutrophil-activating protein (NAP), alone or in combination, have been shown to prevent experimental infection in animals.

Aim: We sought to study the safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine consisting of recombinant VacA, CagA, and NAP given intramuscularly with aluminium hydroxide as an adjuvant to noninfected healthy subjects.

[Immunology of tuberculosis and current status of vaccine development].

Even 125 year after the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the aetiological agent of tuberculosis by Robert Koch, tuberculosis is still a global health emergency according to WHO. The high infection rate with M. tuberculosis that persists in the human host until a weakened host immune system allows a reactivation and complicated and expensive antituberculous chemotherapy urgently demand the development of new vaccines.

Loss of receptor on tuberculin-reactive T-cells marks active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: Tuberculin-specific T-cell responses have low diagnostic specificity in BCG vaccinated populations. While subunit-antigen (e.g.

Critical role of methylglyoxal and AGE in mycobacteria-induced macrophage apoptosis and activation.

Apoptosis and activation of macrophages play an important role in the host response to mycobacterial infection involving TNF-alpha as a critical autocrine mediator. The underlying mechanisms are still ill-defined. Here, we demonstrate elevated levels of methylglyoxal (MG), a small and reactive molecule that is usually a physiological product of various metabolic pathways, and advanced glycation end products (AGE) during mycobacterial infection of macrophages, leading to apoptosis and activation of macrophages.