Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917-from bench to bedside and back: history of a special Escherichia coli strain with probiotic properties.

Among the gram-negative microorganisms with probiotic properties, Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (briefly EcN) is probably the most intensively investigated bacterial strain today. Since nearly 100 years, the EcN strain is used as the active pharmaceutical ingredient in a licensed medicinal product that is distributed in Germany and several other countries. Over the last few decades, novel probiotic activities have been detected, which taken together are specific of this versatile E.

Interleukin-8, CXCL1, and MicroRNA miR-146a Responses to Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and Enteropathogenic E. coli in Human Intestinal Epithelial T84 and Monocytic THP-1 Cells after Apical or Basolateral Infection.

Bacterium-host interactions in the gut proceed via directly contacted epithelial cells, the host's immune system, and a plethora of bacterial factors. Here we characterized and compared exemplary cytokine and microRNA (miRNA) responses of human epithelial and THP-1 cells toward the prototype enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strain E2348/69 (O127:H6) and the probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) (O6:K5:H1). Human T84 and THP-1 cells were used as cell culture-based model systems for epithelial and monocytic cells.

Complete genome sequence of the gram-negative probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917.

Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) is the active principle of a probiotic preparation (trade name Mutaflor(®)) used for the treatment of patients with intestinal diseases such as ulcerative colitis and diarrhea. It has GRAS (generally recognized as save) status and has been shown to be a therapeutically effective drug (Sonnenborn and Schulze, 2009). The complete genomic DNA sequence will help in identifying genes and their products which are essential for the strains probiotic nature.

A modified MacConkey agar for selective enumeration of necrotoxigenic E. coli O55 and probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917.

An agar selective enumeration of necrotoxigenic Escherichia coli O55 (NTEC2) and probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917, using modified MacConkey agar, was developed to study bacterial interference between these E. coli strains in a gnotobiotic piglet model.

Antagonistic effects of probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 on EHEC strains of serotype O104:H4 and O157:H7.

The largest EHEC outbreak up to now in Germany occurred in 2011. It was caused by the non-O157:H7 Shiga-toxinogenic enterohemorrhagic E. coli strain O104:H4.

Differential targeting of the E-Cadherin/β-Catenin complex by gram-positive probiotic lactobacilli improves epithelial barrier function.

The intestinal ecosystem is balanced by dynamic interactions between resident and incoming microbes, the gastrointestinal barrier, and the mucosal immune system. However, in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), where the integrity of the gastrointestinal barrier is compromised, resident microbes contribute to the development and perpetuation of inflammation and disease. Probiotic bacteria have been shown to exert beneficial effects, e.

Identification of specific miRNAs targeting proteins of the apical junctional complex that simulate the probiotic effect of E. coli Nissle 1917 on T84 epithelial cells.

In the intestine, dysregulation of miRNA is associated with inflammation, disruption of the gastrointestinal barrier, and the onset of gastrointestinal disorders. This study identifies miRNAs involved in the maintenance of intercellular junctions and barrier integrity. For the functional identification of barrier affecting miRNAs, we took advantage of the barrier-enforcing effects of the probiotic bacterium Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) which can be monitored by enhanced transepithelial resistance (TER).

Anti-inflammatory modulation of immune response by probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 in human blood mononuclear cells.

Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) bears a defect in its LPS biosynthesis leading to truncated variable oligosaccharide-antigen chains and a semi-rough phenotype. It is effectively inactivated by complement factors due to resolved serum resistance and is, therefore, safe as a probiotic strain, i.e.

Yeasts in the gut: from commensals to infectious agents.

Background: Controversy still surrounds the question whether yeasts found in the gut are causally related to disease, constitute a health hazard, or require treatment.

Methods: The authors present the state of knowledge in this area on the basis of a selective review of articles retrieved by a PubMed search from 2005 onward. The therapeutic recommendations follow the current national and international guidelines.

Split immune response after oral vaccination of mice with recombinant Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 expressing fimbrial adhesin K88.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are a leading cause of diarrhoea in piglets and newborn calves. Massive efforts have therefore been made to develop a vaccine for the induction of protective mucosal immunity against ETEC. Since it has been shown that the probiotic strain E.

The probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 induces gammadelta T cell apoptosis via caspase- and FasL-dependent pathways.

Human gammadelta T cells play a vital role in the innate and adaptive immune response to microbial antigens by acting as antigen-presenting cells while at the same time being capable of directly activating CD4(+) T cells. Pathogenic microbes or loss of tolerance toward the host's own microflora trigger many diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases. We previously demonstrated that Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 directly interacts with the adaptive immune system by regulating central T cell functions.

Molecular mechanisms underlying the probiotic effects of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 involve ZO-2 and PKCzeta redistribution resulting in tight junction and epithelial barrier repair.

The probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) has been used for decades in human medicine in Central Europe for the treatment and prevention of intestinal disorders and diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects are only partially understood. To identify molecular responses induced by EcN that might contribute to its probiotic properties polarized T84 cells were investigated employing DNA microarrays, quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence and specific protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors.

Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 distinctively modulates T-cell cycling and expansion via toll-like receptor 2 signaling.

Although the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 has been proven to be efficacious for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, the underlying mechanisms of action still remain elusive. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of E. coli Nissle 1917 on cell cycling and apoptosis of peripheral blood and lamina propria T cells (PBT and LPT, respectively).

NF-kappaB- and AP-1-mediated induction of human beta defensin-2 in intestinal epithelial cells by Escherichia coli Nissle 1917: a novel effect of a probiotic bacterium.

Little is known about the defensive mechanisms induced in epithelial cells by pathogenic versus probiotic bacteria. The aim of our study was to compare probiotic bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 with nonprobiotic, pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria with respect to innate defense mechanisms in the intestinal mucosal cell. Here we report that E.

Analysis of the genome structure of the nonpathogenic probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917.

Nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (O6:K5:H1) is used as a probiotic agent in medicine, mainly for the treatment of various gastroenterological diseases. To gain insight on the genetic level into its properties of colonization and commensalism, this strain's genome structure has been analyzed by three approaches: (i) sequence context screening of tRNA genes as a potential indication of chromosomal integration of horizontally acquired DNA, (ii) sequence analysis of 280 kb of genomic islands (GEIs) coding for important fitness factors, and (iii) comparison of Nissle 1917 genome content with that of other E. coli strains by DNA-DNA hybridization.

The probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 interferes with invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells by different enteroinvasive bacterial pathogens.

The probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (Mutaflor) of serotype O6:K5:H1 was reported to protect gnotobiotic piglets from infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. An important virulence property of Salmonella is invasion of host epithelial cells. Therefore, we tested for interference of E.

Development of strain-specific PCR reactions for the detection of the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 in fecal samples.

PCR was used to establish a specific detection system for the non-pathogenic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (DSM6601), which is used as a probiotic drug against intestinal disorders and diseases. Five PCR assays have been developed which are based on the chromosomally encoded major fimbrial subunit genes fimA (type 1 fimbriae) and focA (F1C fimbriae), and the two small cryptic plasmids pMUT1 and pMUT2. The assays were validated by testing a collection of 354 different pathogenic and non-pathogenic E.

A single nucleotide exchange in the wzy gene is responsible for the semirough O6 lipopolysaccharide phenotype and serum sensitivity of Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917.

Structural analysis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from semirough, serum-sensitive Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (DSM 6601, serotype O6:K5:H1) revealed that this strain's LPS contains a bisphosphorylated hexaacyl lipid A and a tetradecasaccharide consisting of one E. coli O6 antigen repeating unit attached to the R1-type core. Configuration of the GlcNAc glycosidic linkage between O-antigen oligosaccharide and core (beta) differs from that interlinking the repeating units in the E.