Lidar returns from multiply scattering media in multiple-field-of-view and CCD lidars with polarization devices: comparison of semi-analytical solution and Monte Carlo data.

Quite recently, a semi-analytical approach to the sounding of multiply scattering media (clouds, seawaters) using multiple-field-of-view and CCD lidars with polarization devices was developed. The angular distributions of polarized components of the lidar returns from multiply scattering media computed on the basis of this theory using the small-angle approximation are presented and discussed. The semi-analytical nature of the solution makes the computation procedure faster.

Weight-dependent differential contribution of insulin secretion and clearance to hyperinsulinemia of obesity.

Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and the resulting hyperinsulinemia has been attributed to an increase of insulin secretion and a reduction of insulin clearance. The present study was intended to further characterize the relative contribution of secretion and clearance especially in the postprandial state. In relation to WHO body weight classes 291 subjects were divided in 5 subgroups Basal insulin concentrations rose stepwise and significantly with increasing BMI.

Development of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance during the early stage of weight gain.

Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, which is considered to be a core component in the pathophysiology of obesity-related comorbidities. As yet it is unknown whether insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia already develop during weight gain within the normal range. In 10 healthy male subjects the effect of intentional weight gain by 2 BMI points was examined on insulin.