["And she turns around and sees it fully …" Psychological consequences in children of survivors of the "Hamburg Firestorm" (1943) in a systematic evaluation].

Is there a transmission of traumatic war experiences through the generations? In an interdisciplinary research project at Hamburg University psychoanalysts and historians investigated the long-term psychological effects of World War II bombing attacks in the "Hamburg Firestorm" (Operation Gomorrha) in 1943. In the frame of this work the paper asks for the psychological consequences in the following generation Evaluation of 45 completely transcribed life-historical interviews (28 female and 17 male of an average age of 50.2 years) with descendants of contemporary witnesses (at the time of the firestorm between 3 and 27 years old) by systematic diagnostic assessment.

[Do the old fears return? : An investigation into the experience of the corona crisis among survivors of the Hamburg Firestorm (1943)].

Background: The generation of war children of the Second World War is currently in old age experiencing the lock-down caused by the coronavirus crisis.

Objective: How are the restrictions of the lock-down experienced against the background of the war experience?

Methods: A total of 120 witnesses of the Hamburg Firestorm (1943) were asked about their experiences of the corona pandemic by means of a questionnaire in May 2020 and December 2020. Findings from telephone conversations with several witnesses, who regularly participate in a discussion group, have also been taken into consideration for this study.

["The flames engulfed us from all sides and the air roared" - A systematic diagnostic evaluation of the survivors of the "Hamburg Firestorm" of 1943].

Question: In an interdisciplinary research project at Hamburg University, psychoanalysts and historians investigated the long-term psychological effects of World War II bombing attacks during the "Hamburger Feuersturm" (Operation Gomorrha) in 1943. The paper looks at the experiences from that time and the different modalities of how they were processed and compares them with the mental repercussions today.

Method: Evaluation of completely transcribed interviews with 31 female and 29 male contemporary witnesses (at the time of the firestorm between 3 and 27 years old) using "systematic diagnostic assessment.

["Suddenly I was all alone": traumatic experiences of a 12 year old girl during the "Operation Gomorrha" and its transmission over three generations].

Air strikes on Hamburg in 1943 ("Operation Gomorrha") were a historical turning point and had a deep impact on both cityscape and history of Hamburg. Little is known about intraindividual and transgenerational consequences as well as its interaction with societal and historical processes. Aiming at closing this gap interviews with witnesses, their children and grandchildren, as well as the whole family, were conducted in the context of an interdisciplinary research project.