Sources of PM-Associated Health Risks in Europe and Corresponding Emission-Induced Changes During 2005-2015.

We present a newly developed approach to characterize the sources of fine particulate matter (PM)-related premature deaths in Europe using the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem and its adjoint. The contributions of emissions from each individual country, species, and sector are quantified and mapped out at km scale. In 2015, total PM-related premature death is estimated to be 449,813 (257,846-722,138) in Europe, 59.