OrganoCat pretreatment of perennial plants: Synergies between a biogenic fractionation and valuable feedstocks.

A successful biorefinery needs to align suitable pretreatment with sustainable production of biomasses. Herein, four perennial plants, (Sida, Silphium, Miscanthus and Szarvasi) regarded as promising feedstocks for biorefineries were subjected to the OrganoCat pretreatment. The technology was successfully applied to the different perennial plants revealing that pretreatment of grasses was more efficient than of non-grasses.

Interspecies-cooperations of abutilon theophrasti with root colonizing microorganisms disarm BOA-OH allelochemicals.

A facultative, microbial micro-community colonizing roots of Abutilon theophrasti Medik. supports the plant in detoxifying hydroxylated benzoxazolinones. The root micro-community is composed of several fungi and bacteria with Actinomucor elegans as a dominant species.

6-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzo[]oxazol-2(3)-one-A degradable derivative of natural 6-Hydroxybenzoxazolin-2(3)-one produced by .

is a bacterium associated with other microorganisms on Medik. roots. It converts 6-hydroxybenzoxazolin-2(3)-one (BOA-6-OH), a hydroxylated derivative of the allelochemical benzoxazolin-2(3)-one, into 6-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzo[]oxazol-2(3)-one.

Benzoxazolinone detoxification by N-Glucosylation: The multi-compartment-network of Zea mays L.

The major detoxification product in maize roots after 24 h benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (BOA) exposure was identified as glucoside carbamate resulting from rearrangement of BOA-N-glucoside, but the pathway of N-glucosylation, enzymes involved and the site of synthesis were previously unknown. Assaying whole cell proteins revealed the necessity of H2O2 and Fe(2+) ions for glucoside carbamate production. Peroxidase produced BOA radicals are apparently formed within the extraplastic space of the young maize root.

A novel isolated Terrabacter-like bacterium can mineralize 2-aminopyrimidine, the principal metabolite of microbial sulfadiazine degradation.

Recently we showed that during the degradation of sulfadiazine (SDZ) by Microbacterium lacus strain SDZm4 the principal metabolite 2-aminopyrimidine (2-AP) accumulated to the same molar amount in the culture as SDZ disappeared (Tappe et al. Appl Environ Microbiol 79:2572-2577, 2013). Although 2-AP is considered a recalcitrant agent, long-term lysimeter experiments with (14)C-pyrimidine labeled SDZ ([(14)C]pyrSDZ) provided indications for substantial degradation of the pyrimidine moiety of the SDZ molecule.

Abutilon theophrasti's defense against the allelochemical benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one: support by Actinomucor elegans.

Abutilon theophrasti Medik., previously found to be rather insensitive to benzoxazinoid containing rye mulch and the allelochemical benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (BOA), can be associated with the zygomycete Actinomucor elegans, whereby the fungus colonizes the root relatively superficially and mainly in the maturation zone. The fungus mitigates necrosis of the cotyledons when seedlings are incubated with 2 mM BOA, in contrast to those that lack the fungus.

Chlordecone fate and mineralisation in a tropical soil (andosol) microcosm under aerobic conditions.

Chlordecone is a persistent organochlorine insecticide that, even decades after its ban, poses a threat to the environment and human health. Nevertheless, its environmental fate in soils has scarcely been investigated, and elementary data on its degradation and behaviour in soil are lacking. The mineralisation and sorption of chlordecone and the formation of possible metabolites were evaluated in a tropical agricultural andosol.

Structure elucidation of the thermal degradation products of the nucleotide cofactors NADH and NADPH by nano-ESI-FTICR-MS and HPLC-MS.

Redox cofactors like NADH and NADPH are essential for the catalytic activity of several oxidoreductases. Here, we describe a comparative study of the thermal degradation products of both cofactors in the dry and liquid states. The degradation products were first separated, detected, and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).