A microsimulation model projecting the health care costs for resistance to antibacterial drugs in Sweden.

Background: Previous studies have shown that increasing antibacterial resistance (ABR) globally will cause extensive morbidity, deaths and escalated health care costs.

Methods: To project economic consequences of resistance to antibacterial drugs for the Swedish health care sector, we used an individual-based microsimulation model, SESIM. Health care consumption was represented as increased numbers of hospital days, outpatient visits and contact tracing for individuals getting clinical infections or becoming asymptomatic carriers.

Patients' expectations of medicines--a review and qualitative synthesis.

Background: An increasing part of prescribing of medicines is done for the purpose of managing risk for disease and is motivated by clinical and economic benefit on a long-term, population level. This makes benefit from medicines less tangible for individuals. Sociology of pharmaceuticals includes personal and social perspectives in the study of how medicines are used.