Efficacy of Copper Ion Treatment on Bacteria and Antibiotic Residues Contained in Bovine Waste Milk.

: Waste milk harbors many bacteria and antibiotic residues. Calves fed with untreated waste milk have a higher incidence of scours and an increased risk of developing antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of treatment with copper ions on bacteria and antibiotics contained in bovine waste milk.

Response of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates to reactive oxygen stress generated by treatment with copper ions.

Copper (Cu) ions have been recognized for their efficacy in inactivating bacteria, including Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of Johne's disease (JD) known for its resilience to unfavorable conditions. However, the response of MAP isolates isolated from cows to Cu exposure remains inadequately understood, as their responses may differ from those of laboratory-adapted reference strains.

An update on non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci in cow milk: unveiling the presence of Staphylococcus borealis and Staphylococcus rostri by MALDI-TOF MS.

Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) are the microorganisms most frequently isolated from milk. Given their numerosity and complexity, MALDI-TOF MS is one of the preferred species identification approaches. Nevertheless, reference mass spectra for the novel species Staphylococcus borealis were included only recently in the Bruker Biotyper System (MBT) library, and other species of veterinary interest such as S.

Multidrug-Resistant Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing in a Dairy Herd: Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles.

This study investigated the presence, distribution, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing in a dairy herd located in Northern Italy. The feces of clinically healthy calves, their mothers, and the cows treated for mastitis, as well as water, environmental samples, and waste milk were collected and subjected to bacteriological culture on CHROMagar ESBL plates. A questionnaire was administered to identify risk factors.

A mammalian-specific Alex3/Gα protein complex regulates mitochondrial trafficking, dendritic complexity, and neuronal survival.

Mitochondrial dynamics and trafficking are essential to provide the energy required for neurotransmission and neural activity. We investigated how G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and G proteins control mitochondrial dynamics and trafficking. The activation of Gα inhibited mitochondrial trafficking in neurons through a mechanism that was independent of the canonical downstream PLCβ pathway.

Regulation of young-adult neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation by neural cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2).

Adult neurogenesis persists in mammals in the neurogenic zones, where newborn neurons are incorporated into preexisting circuits to preserve and improve learning and memory tasks. Relevant structural elements of the neurogenic niches include the family of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), which participate in signal transduction and regulate the survival, division, and differentiation of radial glial progenitors (RGPs). Here we analyzed the functions of neural cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2) in the regulation of RGPs in adult neurogenesis and during corticogenesis.

Molecular and serological prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in bovine dairy herds in southern Chile: A PCR and ELISA-based assessment of bulk tank milk samples.

Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) is a highly resilient zoonotic bacterium responsible for Q fever, a disease which occurs worldwide, with the exception of New Zealand. However, in Chile, the prevalence and impact of C.

Evidence of Homeostatic Regulation in Subspecies as an Adaptive Response to Copper Stress.

Background: Bacteria are capable of responding to various stressors, something which has been essential for their adaptation, evolution, and colonization of a wide range of environments. Of the many stressors affecting bacteria, we can highlight heavy metals, and amongst these, copper stands out for its great antibacterial capacity. Using () as a model, the action of proteins involved in copper homeostasis has been put forward as an explanation for the tolerance or adaptive response of this mycobacteria to the toxic action of copper.

Dual-Mode Based Sliding Mode Control Approach for Nonlinear Chemical Processes.

This paper synthesizes a new sliding mode controller (SMC) approach to enhance tracking and regulation tasks by following dual-mode concepts. The new control law consists of two distinct types of operation, using the combination of higher gain to large error signals (transient) and lower gain to small error signals (the region around the set point). The design is presented from a dual-mode (PD-PID) sliding surface operating in concert, fulfilling desired control objectives to ensure stability and performance.

Psychological Adjustment Profiles of LGBTQ+ Young Adults Residing with Their Parents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with poor mental health symptoms, particularly among vulnerable populations such as LGBTQ+ individuals. In the present study, we aimed to (i) identify different psychological adjustment profiles among LGBTQ+ young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and compare LGBTQ+ young adults in relation to (ii) sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19-related experiences and (iii) the internal and external protective resources associated with each adjustment profile. An online questionnaire was administered to 1699 LGBTQ+ young adults from six countries (Brazil, Chile, Italy, Portugal, Sweden, and the UK).

Experimental evidence of the anti-bacterial activity pathway of copper ion treatment on Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

Copper causes significant damage to the integrity of many bacteria, mainly at the DNA level, through its redox states, as well as its reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating capacity at the cellular level. But whether these mechanisms also apply to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is unknown.

First test-day postcalving risk factors for clinical mastitis in southern Chile dairy farms: A retrospective cohort study.

We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate risk factors associated with clinical mastitis in dairy cows in southern Chile between the first milk test after calving to 200 d in milk (DIM). Data from 8,772 cows were collected from June 2017 to November 2019 on 10 dairy farms selected by convenience in southern Chile. Data were analyzed using a multivariable mixed logistic regression using a manual backward selection process with logit link function and farm as a random effect.

New Partners Identified by Mass Spectrometry Assay Reveal Functions of NCAM2 in Neural Cytoskeleton Organization.

Neuronal cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2) is a membrane protein with an important role in the morphological development of neurons. In the cortex and the hippocampus, NCAM2 is essential for proper neuronal differentiation, dendritic and axonal outgrowth and synapse formation. However, little is known about NCAM2 functional mechanisms and its interactive partners during brain development.

Psychosocial Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Mental Health among LGBTQ+ Young Adults: A Cross-Cultural Comparison across Six Nations.

Across the world, people have seen their lives interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using an online survey, we explored how the psychosocial effects of the pandemic affected the mental health of LGBTQ+ young adults who were confined with their parents during the lockdown period ( = 1,934), from six countries: Portugal, UK, Italy, Brazil, Chile, and Sweden. South American participants experienced more negative psychosocial effects of the pandemic.

Preservation Rhinoplasty: The Endonasal Cottle Push-Down/Let-Down Approach.

Preservation rhinoplasty is a new term for an old technique. The authors have used the endonasal push-down and let-down techniques that are attributed to Dr Maurice Cottle throughout their careers on select patients with excellent success. The endonasal Cottle technique allows the authors to manage the nasal dorsum in a conservative fashion, reducing the need for routine restructuring of the middle third and nasal dorsum.

Growth cone repulsion to Netrin-1 depends on lipid raft microdomains enriched in UNC5 receptors.

During brain development, Uncoordinated locomotion 5 (UNC5) receptors control axonal extension through their sensing of the guidance molecule Netrin-1. The correct positioning of receptors into cholesterol-enriched membrane raft microdomains is crucial for the efficient transduction of the recognized signals. However, whether such microdomains are required for the appropriate axonal guidance mediated by UNC5 receptors remains unknown.

Oral manifestations in a patient with a history of asymptomatic COVID-19: Case report.

The pandemic situation has led to public health measures that have forced patients with and without the SARS-CoV-2 virus to remain isolated and take steps to prevent the spread. Many of these patients have been unable to attend the control of medical-dental services, which in many cases complicates their situation. This study reports on the oral manifestations of an asymptomatic COVID-19 patient treated interdisciplinary by teleconsultation due to the sudden appearance of lesions in the oral mucosa.

In vitro inactivation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) by use of copper ions.

Background: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis, a contagious infectious disease that affects domestic and wild ruminants causing chronic inflammation of the intestine. MAP has proven to be very resistant to both physical and chemical processes, making it difficult to control this pathogen.

A conserved role for Syntaxin-1 in pre- and post-commissural midline axonal guidance in fly, chick, and mouse.

Axonal growth and guidance rely on correct growth cone responses to guidance cues. Unlike the signaling cascades that link axonal growth to cytoskeletal dynamics, little is known about the crosstalk mechanisms between guidance and membrane dynamics and turnover. Recent studies indicate that whereas axonal attraction requires exocytosis, chemorepulsion relies on endocytosis.

SNARE complex in axonal guidance and neuroregeneration.

Through complex mechanisms that guide axons to the appropriate routes towards their targets, axonal growth and guidance lead to neuronal system formation. These mechanisms establish the synaptic circuitry necessary for the optimal performance of the nervous system in all organisms. Damage to these networks can be repaired by neuroregenerative processes which in turn can re-establish synapses between injured axons and postsynaptic terminals.

SNARE proteins play a role in motor axon guidance in vertebrates and invertebrates.

Axonal growth and guidance rely on correct growth cone responses to guidance cues, both in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the periphery. Unlike the signaling cascades that link axonal growth to cytoskeletal dynamics, little is known about the cross-talk mechanisms between guidance and membrane dynamics and turnover in the axon. Our studies have shown that Netrin-1/deleted in colorectal cancer signaling triggers exocytosis through the SNARE Syntaxin-1 (STX-1) during the formation of commissural pathways.

Endoscopic Brow Elevation and Reshaping.

One of the first signs of aging belongs to the upper third of the face. At the same time, the height and shape of the eyebrows are key points of the periorbital aesthetics. A "tired" or "sad" look implies that the complex eyebrow-upper eyelid are showing one or more of these signs.

Corrigendum: FIB/SEM technology and high-throughput 3D reconstruction of dendritic spines and synapses in GFP-labeled adult-generated neurons.

[This corrects the article on p. 60 in vol. 9, PMID: 26052271.