Prognostic significance of hemorrhage requiring embolization in the setting of previously treated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Systematic review and retrospective cohort.

Background: The management of acute hemorrhage in patients with previously treated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is challenging due to the lack of substantial evidence to guide clinical decision making.

Methods: A systematic review and retrospective chart review were performed to identify patients with a history of HNSCC who underwent either primary or adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) and presented with hemorrhagic complications requiring embolization. Patient characteristics, history, presentation, and outcomes were reviewed.

Endovascular treatment of dural arteriovenous fistulas involving the vein of Galen: a single-center cohort and meta-analysis.

Background: Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) draining into the vein of Galen (VoG) are complex lesions that often necessitate treatment to minimize the risk of rupture and relieve symptoms. These lesions can be treated with open surgical resection, radiosurgery, or endovascular embolization. Unfortunately, endovascular treatment of dAVFs involving the VoG has not been robustly assessed across large patient cohorts.

Relapse patterns and radiation dose exposure in IDH wild-type glioblastoma at first radiographic recurrence following chemoradiation.

Purpose: To quantify the radiation dose distribution and lesion morphometry (shape) at baseline, prior to chemoradiation, and at the time of radiographic recurrence in patients with glioblastoma (GBM).

Methods: The IMRT dose distribution, location of the center of mass, sphericity, and solidity of the contrast enhancing tumor at baseline and the time of tumor recurrence was quantified in 48 IDH wild-type GBM who underwent postoperative IMRT (2 Gy daily for total of 60 Gy) with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide.

Results: Average radiation dose within enhancing tumor at baseline and recurrence was ≥ 60 Gy.

Focused Ultrasound Ablation of an Arteriovenous Malformation Model.

Brain AVMs are rare but serious vascular lesions that often pose a management dilemma between the risk of various treatment modalities and uncertain natural history during observation. We describe preliminary data on the use of focused ultrasound as a novel therapeutic strategy. In an AVM model, one session of ultrasound gradually reduced flow through the lesion without inducing rupture.

111In-Labeled White Blood Cell Uptake in the Urinary Bladder in Occult Urinary Tract Infection.

A 55-year-old woman with multiple medical problems, including anuric, dialysis-dependent, end-stage renal disease, presented with persistent fever of unknown origin. Despite extensive workup with cross-sectional imaging and panculture, the etiology was not found. Eventually, an 111In-labeled WBC scan was performed to evaluate for occult infection, which revealed intense heterogeneous uptake in the urinary bladder.

In Vitro Modeling of Human Brain Arteriovenous Malformation for Endovascular Simulation and Flow Analysis.

Background: Current in vitro models for human brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) analyzing the efficacy of embolic materials or flow conditions are limited by a lack of realistic anatomic features of complex AVM nidus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a newly developed in vitro AVM model for embolic material testing, preclinical training, and flow analysis.

Methods: Three-dimensional (3D) images of the AVM nidus were extracted from 3D rotational angiography from a patient.

Flow-directed micro-catheterisation technique over a detachable coil.

Embolisation of neonatal arteriovenous shunts poses several challenges: tortuous and fragile vessels, limited contrast volume and few specialised paediatric endovascular devices. In a 9-day-old patient with a choroidal type vein of Galen malformation we encountered an extremely tortuous posterior choroidal artery pedicle during endovascular treatment. After attempted selection using a traditional over-the-wire technique, we advanced a platinum coil through the micro-catheter.

Physical Growth of the Contralateral Cerebrum is Preserved After Hemispherotomy in Childhood.

Background: Hemispherotomy can be an effective treatment for refractory childhood epilepsy. However, the extent of postoperative brain development after hemispherotomy remains incompletely understood. This study aims to provide an anatomic foundation in assessing development of the contralateral hemisphere, by measuring volumetric growth after hemispherotomy.

Publisher Correction: Experimental orthotopic transplantation of a tissue-engineered oesophagus in rats.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4562.

Timing of White Matter Development Determines Cognitive Abilities at School Entry but Not in Late Adolescence.

The primary aim of this study was to investigate to what degree the age-related white matter development, here called "brain age", is associated with working memory (WM) and numeric abilities in 6-year-old children. We measured white matter development using diffusion tensor imaging to calculate fractional anisotropy (FA). A "brain age" model was created using multivariate statistics, which described association between FA and age in a sample of 6- to 20-year-old children.

Neonatal MRI is associated with future cognition and academic achievement in preterm children.

School-age children born preterm are particularly at risk for low mathematical achievement, associated with reduced working memory and number skills. Early identification of preterm children at risk for future impairments using brain markers might assist in referral for early intervention. This study aimed to examine the use of neonatal magnetic resonance imaging measures derived from automated methods (Jacobian maps from deformation-based morphometry; fractional anisotropy maps from diffusion tensor images) to predict skills important for mathematical achievement (working memory, early mathematical skills) at 5 and 7 years in a cohort of preterm children using both univariable (general linear model) and multivariable models (support vector regression).

Experimental orthotopic transplantation of a tissue-engineered oesophagus in rats.

A tissue-engineered oesophageal scaffold could be very useful for the treatment of pediatric and adult patients with benign or malignant diseases such as carcinomas, trauma or congenital malformations. Here we decellularize rat oesophagi inside a perfusion bioreactor to create biocompatible biological rat scaffolds that mimic native architecture, resist mechanical stress and induce angiogenesis. Seeded allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells spontaneously differentiate (proven by gene-, protein and functional evaluations) into epithelial- and muscle-like cells.

Structural maturation and brain activity predict future working memory capacity during childhood development.

Human working memory capacity develops during childhood and is a strong predictor of future academic performance, in particular, achievements in mathematics and reading. Predicting working memory development is important for the early identification of children at risk for poor cognitive and academic development. Here we show that structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging data explain variance in children's working memory capacity 2 years later, which was unique variance in addition to that predicted using cognitive tests.

Regional cerebral glucose metabolism after pridopidine (ACR16) treatment in patients with Huntington disease.

Objectives: Huntington disease is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder resulting in loss of motor, cognitive, and behavioral functions and is characterized by a distinctive pattern of cerebral metabolic abnormalities. Pridopidine (ACR16) belongs to a novel class of central nervous system compounds in development for the treatment of Huntington disease. The objective of the study was to investigate the metabolic changes in patients with Huntington disease before and after pridopidine treatment.

CT of dystrophic calcification in subcutaneous soft tissues secondary to chronic insulin injection.

We describe a case of massive dystrophic subcutaneous calcification in the anterior thighs of a long-term insulin-dependent diabetic.

Downregulation of human platelet reactivity by neutrophils. Participation of lipoxygenase derivatives and adhesive proteins.

Unstimulated neutrophils inhibited activation and recruitment of thrombin- or collagen-stimulated platelets in an agonist-specific manner. This occurred under conditions of close physical cell-cell contact, although biochemical adhesion between the cells as mediated by P-selectin was not required. Moreover, in the presence of monoclonal P-selectin antibodies that blocked biochemical platelet-neutrophil adhesion, thrombin-stimulated platelets were more efficiently downregulated by neutrophils.

Inhibition of platelet function by an aspirin-insensitive endothelial cell ADPase. Thromboregulation by endothelial cells.

We previously reported that platelets become unresponsive to agonists when stimulated in combined suspension with aspirin-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Inhibition occurred concomitant with metabolism of platelet-derived endoperoxides to prostacyclin by endothelial cells. We now demonstrate that if aspirin-treated platelets which fully respond to appropriate doses of agonists are exposed to aspirin-treated endothelial cells, they remain unresponsive despite absence of prostacyclin.

Enhancement of platelet reactivity and modulation of eicosanoid production by intact erythrocytes. A new approach to platelet activation and recruitment.

Erythrocytes are known to influence hemostasis. Bleeding times are prolonged in anemia and corrected by normalizing the hematocrit. We now demonstrate that intact erythrocytes modulate biochemical and functional responsiveness of activated platelets.

Platelet-neutrophil interactions. 12S,20- and 5S,12S-dihydroxyeicosapentaenoic acids: two novel neutrophil metabolites from platelet-derived 12S-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid.

Dietary marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have demonstrated an antiinflammatory potential in epidemiologic and intervention studies in humans. Proposed mechanisms, involving only leukocytes, fall short of explaining this potential completely. Enriched by dietary means with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), stimulated human platelets release substantial amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid and 12S-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (12S-HEPE) in addition to 12S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE) derived from arachidonic acid.

Mycobacterium fortuitum keratitis.

Two of four cases of Mycobacterium fortuitum keratitis occurred after corneal surgery with contact lens wear, one was associated with extended contact lens wear alone, and one occurred after a foreign body injury. All cases were characterized by pain, conjunctival hyperemia, stromal inflammation, and ulceration. Diagnosis was made by culture and acid-fast staining of corneal scrapings.