Serum HMGB1 in febrile seizures.

The role of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures (FSs) is unclear. In our controlled follow-up study, we compared serum levels of HMGB1 (s-HMGB1) in the same individuals after the first FS, during febrile episodes without a FS, after recurrent FS, during healthy periods after FS, and between patients and controls. In all, 122 patients with FSs were included in the final analysis, including 18 with recurrent FSs with a complete follow-up protocol.

Streptococcus salivarius Probiotics to Prevent Acute Otitis Media in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: New approaches for the prevention of acute otitis media (AOM), the most common reason for antibiotic use in children, are needed.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of the Streptococcus salivarius K12 oral probiotics in the primary prevention of AOM.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted from August 1, 2020, to May 31, 2021, at 50 day care centers in the Oulu region of Finland.

Nasopharyngeal detection of atypical bacteria by multiplex polymerase chain reaction panel in acutely ill children was associated with an increased risk of pneumonia.

Aim: We aimed to assess whether detection of respiratory bacteria by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing associates with clinical outcomes in acutely ill children.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled children under the age of 18 with a suspected respiratory infection treated in a paediatric emergency department of Oulu University Hospital, Finland from January 2015 through December 2015. Nasopharyngeal samples were routinely analysed for 16 respiratory viruses and later, after storage, analysed with a multiplex PCR panel for seven respiratory bacteria.

Effect of Topical Antibiotics on Duration of Acute Infective Conjunctivitis in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial and a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Although topical antibiotics are often prescribed for treating acute infective conjunctivitis in children, their efficacy is uncertain.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of topical antibiotic therapy for acute infective conjunctivitis.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in primary health care in Oulu, Finland, from October 15, 2014, to February 7, 2020.

Recurrent febrile seizures and serum cytokines: a controlled follow-up study.

Background: The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures (FSs) is unclear, and information regarding cytokine production outside of FS episodes is scarce.

Methods: In our controlled follow-up study of patients with FSs, we compared the levels of 12 serum cytokines after the patients' first FSs, during febrile episodes without FSs, after recurrent FSs, during healthy periods after FSs, and between patients and controls.

Results: Two-hundred fifty-one patients with first FS participated in the study, of whom 17 (mean age 1.

Multi-inflammatory syndrome and Kawasaki disease in children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide register-based study and time series analysis.

Aim: We investigated whether the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was associated with the occurrence of Kawasaki disease or with multi-inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

Methods: This national Finnish register-based study was based on laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, MIS-C and Kawasaki disease cases. We performed a time series analysis on the occurrence of Kawasaki disease in 2016-2020.

Efficacy of the implementation of the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study II decision rule to clinical practice for paediatric head injury patients.

Aim: To investigate the usefulness of the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) II head trauma decision rule in clinical practice for paediatric patients in a tertiary university hospital serving as the only paediatric hospital in the area.

Methods: We compared how doctors evaluated and examined patients with head injury during two time periods, before and after the introduction of NEXUS II decision rule. Multiple implementation strategies were used as follows: education, tutoring and written instructions for the use of NEXUS II.

Respiratory viruses and febrile response in children with febrile seizures: A cohort study and embedded case-control study.

Objective: There are limited data on the pathogen-related and host-related factors in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures (FS). We designed a controlled study to compare the role of different respiratory viruses and febrile response in FS.

Methods: In a prospective cohort study of 1899 pediatric emergency room patients aged 6 months-6 years with a positive respiratory virus multiplex PCR, we identified 225 patients with FSs.

NIV NAVA versus Nasal CPAP in Premature Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Noninvasive ventilation is recommended for neonatal respiratory distress to avoid adverse effects of invasive ventilation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the feasibility of noninvasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV NAVA) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in preterm newborn infants.

Methods: Forty preterm infants (gestational age 28+0 to 36+6 weeks) requiring CPAP and supplemental oxygen (FiO2 >0.

Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) in preterm newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome-a randomized controlled trial.

Unlabelled: Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) improves patient-ventilator synchrony during invasive ventilation and leads to lower peak inspiratory pressures (PIP) and oxygen requirements. The aim of this trial was to compare NAVA with current standard ventilation in preterm infants in terms of the duration of invasive ventilation. Sixty infants born between 28 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks of gestation and requiring invasive ventilation due to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were randomized to conventional ventilation or NAVA.