Long-term exposure to air pollution and chronic kidney disease-associated mortality-Results from the pooled cohort of the European multicentre ELAPSE-study.

Despite the known link between air pollution and cause-specific mortality, its relation to chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated mortality is understudied. Therefore, we investigated the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and CKD-related mortality in a large multicentre population-based European cohort. Cohort data were linked to local mortality registry data.

Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of gastric and the upper aerodigestive tract cancers in a pooled European cohort: The ELAPSE project.

Air pollution has been shown to significantly impact human health including cancer. Gastric and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers are common and increased risk has been associated with smoking and occupational exposures. However, the association with air pollution remains unclear.

Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of leukemia and lymphoma in a pooled European cohort.

Leukemia and lymphoma are the two most common forms of hematologic malignancy, and their etiology is largely unknown. Pathophysiological mechanisms suggest a possible association with air pollution, but little empirical evidence is available. We aimed to investigate the association between long-term residential exposure to outdoor air pollution and risk of leukemia and lymphoma.

Long-term exposure to several constituents and sources of PM is associated with incidence of upper aerodigestive tract cancers but not gastric cancer: Results from the large pooled European cohort of the ELAPSE project.

It is unclear whether cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) and gastric cancer are related to air pollution, due to few studies with inconsistent results. The effects of particulate matter (PM) may vary across locations due to different source contributions and related PM compositions, and it is not clear which PM constituents/sources are most relevant from a consideration of overall mass concentration alone. We therefore investigated the association of UADT and gastric cancers with PM elemental constituents and sources components indicative of different sources within a large multicentre population based epidemiological study.

Multiple myeloma risk in relation to long-term air pollution exposure - A pooled analysis of four European cohorts.

Background: Air pollution is a growing concern worldwide, with significant impacts on human health. Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer with increasing incidence. Studies have linked air pollution exposure to various types of cancer, including leukemia and lymphoma, however, the relationship with multiple myeloma incidence has not been extensively investigated.

Concomitant exposure to air pollution, green space and noise, and risk of myocardial infarction: a cohort study from Denmark.

Aims: The three correlated environmental exposures (air pollution, road traffic noise, and green space) have all been associated with the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). The present study aimed to analyse their independent and cumulative association with MI.

Methods And Results: In a cohort of all Danes aged 50 or older in the period 2005-17, 5-year time-weighted average exposure to fine particles (PM2.

Blood Leukocyte Methylation and Risk of Non-smoking-associated Cancer: A Case-cohort Study of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Unlabelled: Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressor () hypomethylation in peripheral blood is tightly linked with tobacco smoking and lung cancer. Here, we investigated methylation in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), a non-smoking-associated cancer. In a case-cohort study within the population-based Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort, we measured (cg23576855) methylation in prediagnostic blood from 161 participants who developed NHL within 13.

Long-term air pollution exposure and malignant intracranial tumours of the central nervous system: a pooled analysis of six European cohorts.

Background: Risk factors for malignant tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) are largely unknown.

Methods: We pooled six European cohorts (N = 302,493) and assessed the association between residential exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO), fine particles (PM), black carbon (BC), ozone (O) and eight elemental components of PM (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulfur, silicon, vanadium, and zinc) and malignant intracranial CNS tumours defined according to the International Classification of Diseases ICD-9/ICD-10 codes 192.1/C70.

Concomitant exposure to air pollution, green space, and noise and risk of stroke: a cohort study from Denmark.

Background: Air pollution, road traffic noise, and green space are correlated factors, associated with risk of stroke. We investigated their independent relationship with stroke in multi-exposure analyses and estimated their cumulative stroke burden.

Methods: For all persons, ≥50 years of age and living in Denmark from 2005 to 2017, we established complete address histories and estimated running 5-year mean exposure to fine particles (PM), ultrafine particles, elemental carbon, nitrogen dioxide (NO), and road traffic noise at the most, and least exposed façade.

Source-Specific Air Pollution Including Ultrafine Particles and Risk of Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Cohort Study from Denmark.

Background: Air pollution is negatively associated with cardiovascular health. Impediments to efficient regulation include lack of knowledge about which sources of air pollution contributes most to health burden and few studies on effects of the potentially more potent ultrafine particles (UFP).

Objective: The authors aimed to investigate myocardial infarction (MI) morbidity and specific types and sources of air pollution.

Underlying pathways of social inequality in tooth loss: The mediating role of sugary beverages and diabetes.

Background: Previous studies show social inequality in tooth loss, but the underlying pathways are not well understood. The aim was to investigate the mediated proportion of sugary beverages (SBs) and diabetes and the association between educational level and tooth loss, and to investigate whether the indirect effect of SBs and diabetes varied between educational groups in relation to tooth loss.

Methods: Data from 47,109 Danish men and women aged 50 years or older included in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Study was combined with data from Danish registers.

Air pollution and stroke; effect modification by sociodemographic and environmental factors. A cohort study from Denmark.

Objectives: Air pollution increases the risk of stroke, but the literature on identifying susceptible subgroups of populations is scarce and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate if the association between air pollution and risk of stroke differed by sociodemographic factors, financial stress, comorbid conditions, and residential road traffic noise, population density and green space.

Methods: We assessed long-term exposure to air pollution with ultrafine particles, PM, elemental carbon and NO for a cohort of 1,971,246 Danes aged 50-85 years.

Air pollution and myocardial infarction; effect modification by sociodemographic and environmental factors. A cohort study from Denmark.

Air pollution is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI), but it is unresolved to what extent the association is modified by factors such as socioeconomic status, comorbidities, financial stress, residential green space, or road traffic noise. We formed a cohort of all (n = 1,964,702) Danes, aged 50-85 years, with 65,311 cases of MI during the followed-up period 2005-2017. For all participants we established residential five-year running average exposure to particulate matter <2.

Long-term exposure to residential transportation noise and mortality: A nationwide cohort study.

Studies have indicated that transportation noise is associated with higher cardiovascular mortality, whereas evidence of noise as a risk factor for respiratory and cancer mortality is scarce and inconclusive. Also, knowledge on effects of low-level noise on mortality is very limited. We aimed to investigate associations between road and railway noise and natural-cause and cause-specific mortality in the Danish population.

'Source-specific' air pollution and risk of stroke in Denmark.

Background: Long-term air pollution is a risk factor for stroke. Which types and sources of air pollution contribute most to stroke in populations is unknown. We investigated whether risk of stroke differed by type and source of air pollution.

Effects of Sociodemographic Characteristics, Comorbidity, and Coexposures on the Association between Air Pollution and Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: Exposure to air pollution has been associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but studies investigating whether deprived groups are more susceptible to the harmful effects of air pollution are inconsistent.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether the association between air pollution and T2D differed according to sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidity, and coexposures.

Methods: We estimated residential exposure to , ultrafine particles (UFP), elemental carbon, and for all persons living in Denmark in the period 2005-2017.

Long-term exposure to traffic noise and risk of incident colon cancer: A pooled study of eleven Nordic cohorts.

Background Colon cancer incidence is rising globally, and factors pertaining to urbanization have been proposed involved in this development. Traffic noise may increase colon cancer risk by causing sleep disturbance and stress, thereby inducing known colon cancer risk-factors, e.g.

Transportation Noise and Risk of Tinnitus: A Nationwide Cohort Study from Denmark.

Background: There is a growing body of evidence linking residential exposure to transportation noise with several nonauditory health outcomes. However, auditory outcomes, such as tinnitus, are virtually unexplored.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the association between residential transportation noise and risk of incident tinnitus.

Exposure to ambient air pollution and lipid levels and blood pressure in an adult, Danish cohort.

Background: Air pollution is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanistic pathways underlying the association are not completely understood. Hence, further studies are required to shed light on potential mechanisms, through which air pollution may affect the development from subclinical to clinical cardiovascular disease.

Long-term air pollution exposure and Parkinson's disease mortality in a large pooled European cohort: An ELAPSE study.

Background: The link between exposure to ambient air pollution and mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases is well established, while evidence on neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's Disease (PD) remains limited.

Objective: We examined the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and PD mortality in seven European cohorts.

Methods: Within the project 'Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe' (ELAPSE), we pooled data from seven cohorts among six European countries.

PM air pollution components and mortality in Denmark.

Background: Ambient fine particulate matter (PM) causes millions of deaths every year worldwide. Identification of the most harmful types of PM would facilitate efficient prevention strategies.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate associations between components of PM and mortality in a nation-wide Danish population.

Long-term exposure to transportation noise and risk of type 2 diabetes: A cohort study.

Background: Some studies have found transportation noise to be associated with higher diabetes risk. This includes studies based on millions of participants, relying entirely on register-based confounder adjustment, which raises concern about residual lifestyle confounding. We aimed to investigate associations between noise and type 2 diabetes (T2D), including investigation of effects of increasing confounder adjustment for register-data and lifestyle.

Air pollution with NO, PM, and elemental carbon in relation to risk of breast cancer- a nationwide case-control study from Denmark.

Unlabelled: Air pollution with particulate matter is an established lung carcinogen. Studies have suggested an association with breast cancer, but the evidence is inconsistent.

Methods: From nationwide registers, we identified all breast cancer cases (n = 55 745) in Denmark between 2000 and 2014.

Air pollution, road traffic noise and lack of greenness and risk of type 2 diabetes: A multi-exposure prospective study covering Denmark.

Objective: Air pollution, road traffic noise and lack of greenness coexist in urban environments and have all been associated with type 2 diabetes. We aimed to investigate how these co-exposures were associated with type 2 diabetes in a multi-exposure perspective.

Methods: We estimated 5-year residential mean exposure to fine particles (PM), ultrafine particles (UFP), elemental carbon (EC), nitrogen dioxide (NO) and road traffic noise at the most (LdenMax) and least (LdenMin) exposed facade for all persons aged > 50 years living in Denmark in 2005 to 2017.