The effect of intracanal cryotherapy with and without foraminal enlargement on pain prevention after endodontic treatment: a randomized clinical trial.

This randomized clinical trial aims to evaluate cryotherapy as a therapeutic option for pain prevention after endodontic treatment with and without foraminal enlargement, in patients with asymptomatic apical periodontitis.120 teeth of patients with preoperative Visual Analogue Scale score indicating zero were treated. Specimens were randomly allocated into 4 groups: Control, Cryotherapy (ICT), Foraminal Enlargement (FE), and Cryotherapy and Foraminal Enlargement (ICT + FE).

Dissimilar Sequelae Caused by Single Dental Trauma: A Case Report with Long-Term Follow-up.

Immediate care and accurate diagnosis are essential for treating dental trauma. This report presents a 7-year-old boy suffered a bicycle accident with direct trauma to the mouth and extrusive luxation of teeth #11 and #21. The emergency treatment was performed within the first hour.

Postoperative pain after single-visit root canal treatments in necrotic teeth comparing instruments' kinematics and apical instrumentation limits - a prospective randomized multicenter clinical trial.

Objectives: This prospective randomized multicenter clinical trial (PRMCT) investigated postoperative pain after single-visit root canal treatments in teeth affected by pulp necrosis (PN), and asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP) (with apical radiolucent areas) or normal periradicular tissues (without apical radiolucent areas) comparing different instruments' kinematics and apical instrumentation limits.

Methods: Before chemomechanical preparation, 240 patients/teeth were randomly distributed into four groups (n = 60) according to the instruments' kinematics (rotary or reciprocating) and apical instrumentation limits (with or without intentional foraminal enlargement [IFE]). After that, specimens were submitted to the same irrigation and obturation techniques, and the patients were referred to undergo the definitive restorations.

Cleaning and disinfection of the root canal system provided by four active supplementary irrigation methods.

This in vitro study evaluated the bacterial reduction provided by the EndoActivator (EA), Easy Clean (EC), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and XP-Endo Finisher. Eight-four mesial roots of mandibular first molars were instrumented, inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis, and divided into four groups (n. 20).

Clinical determination of anatomical diameter in different dental groups correlating them with gender, age, tooth/canal and pulpoperiradicular diagnosis: an observational clinical study.

The aim of this observational clinical study (OCS) was to determine the clinical anatomical diameter (CAD) in several dental groups, thus correlating them with gender, age, tooth/canal and pulpoperiradicular diagnosis. Three-hundred fifty-nine teeth/584 vital or necrotic root canals from patients of both genders and different ages composed the sample. After performing the necessary previous procedures, K-Flexofiles were used to determine the CAD.

Prevalence of orofacial injuries resulting from trauma in individuals with cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) may have cognitive, sensitive, behavioral, communicative, and convulsive disorders. Because defensive reflexes are reduced by CP, the risk of orofacial trauma is greater in these individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of orofacial injuries resulting from trauma in patients with CP.

Postoperative Endodontic Pain after Treatment Using XP-endo Finisher: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: This randomized clinical trial aimed to determine whether the XP-endo finisher combined with or without foraminal enlargement has any significant effect on the incidence and intensity of postoperative pain in necrotic pulps.

Materials And Methods: Clinical pain levels were measured after 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours and at 7 postoperative days. All treatments were performed by an endodontist in a single visit.

Regenerative Endodontic Treatment of a Traumatized Immature Necrotic Permanent Incisor: A Case Report.

The current case report documents the clinical approach adopted for a traumatized immature necrotic permanent upper left central incisor after a bike accident. The treatment involved regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) using "High Plasticity Mineral Trioxide Aggregate" (MTA Repair HP) as a cervical barrier over blood clot. The preservation included three years of follow-up appointments of clinical evaluations and periapical digital radiographs.

Passive ultrasonic irrigation, EndoActivator system and XP-endo Finisher R as additional cleaning techniques to remove residual filling materials from flattened root canals.

Background: The effectiveness of endodontic retreatment essentially depends on the cleaning and/or disinfection processes. In this context, the removal of root canal filling materials plays a crucial role.

Aims: To assess the efficacy of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), EndoActivator system (EAS), and XP-endo Finisher R (XPEFR) as additional cleaning techniques to remove the remaining root canal filling materials from flattened root canals.

Micro-CT evaluation of four final irrigation protocols on hard-tissue debris removal from mesial roots of mandibular molars containing isthmus.

Objectives: To evaluate by means of microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), the efficacy of four final irrigation protocols in the removal of hard-tissue debris (HTD) in mesial roots of mandibular molars containing isthmus.

Materials And Methods: Forty standardized mesial roots of extracted mandibular molars presenting isthmus were selected. The root canals were prepared and randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10): EA, EndoActivator (Dentsply Sirona); EC, Easy Clean (Easy Dental Equipment, Belo Horizonte, Brazil); XPF, XP-Endo Finisher (FKG Dentaire, La Chaus-de Fonds, Switzerland); and PUI, passive ultrasonic irrigation using Irrisafe tip (Satelec Acteon, Merignac, France).

Postoperative pain after endodontic treatment of necrotic teeth with large intentional foraminal enlargement.

Objectives: To evaluate postoperative pain after endodontic treatment of necrotic teeth using large intentional foraminal enlargement (LIFE).

Materials And Methods: The sample included 60 asymptomatic necrotic teeth (with or without chronic apical periodontitis), and a periodontal probing depth of 3 mm, previously accessed and referred to perform endodontic treatment. After previous procedures, the position and approximate size of the apical foramen (AF) were determined by using an apex locator and K flexo-files, respectively.

Smear layer removal by passive ultrasonic irrigation and 2 new mechanical methods for activation of the chelating solution.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare smear layer removal by conventional application (CA), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), EasyClean (EC), and XP-Endo Finisher (XPF), using 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) after chemomechanical preparation, as evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Materials And Methods: Forty-five single-rooted human mandibular premolars were selected for this study. After chemomechanical preparation, the teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the protocol for smear layer removal, as follows: G1 (control): CA of distilled water; G2 (CA): CA of 17% EDTA; G3 (PUI): 17% EDTA activated by PUI; G4 (EC): 17% EDTA activated by EC; and G5 (XPF): 17% EDTA activated by XPF.

Mandibular First Molar with Six Canals: Case Report of Radix Entomolaris and Middle Mesial Canal.

The purpose of this article is to report a successful endodontic treatment of a mandibular first molar with six canals; three root canals in the mesial root, two root canals in the distal root, and one radix entomolaris. The incidence of two anatomical variations presented in this report, middle mesial canal and radix entomolaris, is generally low. Knowledge of the internal anatomy of the root canals and their possible variations, and use of magnification, such as the operating microscope or loupes, can increase the chances of finding additional canals, contributing to the success of endodontic treatment.

Accuracy of electronic apical functions of a new integrated motor compared to the visual control of the working length-an ex vivo study.

Objectives: To evaluate ex vivo the efficacy of the integrated motor Tri Auto ZX2 in controlling the apical extent of preparation compared to conventional visual control (CVC) of the working length (WL).

Materials And Methods: Eighty standardized mandibular premolars were divided into five groups (n = 16). In the CVC group, instruments were used in continuous rotation (CR) and visual control performed by means of rubber stoppers.

Assessment of platelet-rich fibrin in the maintenance and recovery of cell viability of the periodontal ligament.

This study analyzed the efficacy of autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in maintaining and recovering cell viability of the periodontal ligament (PDL). The PDL cells were isolated from 45 extracted teeth randomly distributed among 6 groups: 5 min, 1 h, 2 h, PRF 30 min, PRF 1 h and PRF 2 h. In the groups 5 min, 1 h and 2 h (n = 5), the teeth were kept dry in extra-alveolar times of 5 min, 1 h and 2 h respectively.

Microscopic evaluation of the dentinal walls of extracted human teeth following electrochemical dissolution of fragmented nickel-titanium instruments.

Electrochemical dissolution is a method in which fluoridated solution in direct contact with the fractured instrument receives an electrical current that speeds up fragment dissolution. The aim of this study was to assess the integrity of dentinal walls during the electrochemical dissolution of fractured rotary endodontic instruments in extracted human teeth. Forty-five human mandibular incisors subjected to the electrochemical dissolution process using fluoride solution with low NaCl concentration (LC group: NaF 12 g/L + NaCl 1 g/L, pH = 5.

Management of Dental Intrusion and Lateral Luxation: Case Report with 10 Years Follow-up.

This case report documents the clinical approach adopted for two maxillary incisors with intrusion and lateral luxation trauma. The proposed procedures involved reposition of both teeth, one of them with surgical extrusion and endodontic procedure for both, with 10 years of follow-up.

Management of Multiple Dental Trauma: Case Report with Eight-Year Follow-up.

This case report documents the clinical approach adopted for two maxillary incisors with intrusion and horizontal root fracture in the middle third after trauma. The proposed procedures involved maintaining pulp vitality and periodontal stability of the fractured teeth with 8 years of follow-up.

The Accuracy of a New Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Software in the Preoperative Working Length Determination Ex Vivo.

Introduction: This study investigates the accuracy of 3D Endo software (Dentsply Sirona, Salzburg, Austria) to determine the working length when using preoperative cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans of extracted teeth, compared with conventional CBCT software and an electronic apex locator (EAL).

Methods: CBCT scans of 30 premolars were obtained. Using OnDemand3D software (Cybermed, Seoul, Korea), the measurement obtained from the coronal reference to the apical foramen (AF) was recorded as the conventional CBCT length.

Tubular dentin sealer penetration after different final irrigation protocols: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate tubular dentin sealer penetration, comparing different final irrigation protocols using a conventional needle (CONV), EndoActivator system (EAS), EndoVac system (EVS), and ultrasound (PUI). Initially, fifty-two first maxillary molars with a single canal in the palatal root, without abrupt curvatures, resorptive processes, or previous endodontic treatment were selected for this study. Then, the crowns were sectioned to obtain palatal roots 15 mm in length.

Maintenance of Pulp after Horizontal Root Fractures in Three Maxillary Incisors: A Thirteen-Year Evaluation.

This case report documents the clinical approach adopted for three upper incisors with horizontal root fracture in the middle or cervical third. The proposed procedures involved maintaining pulp vitality and periodontal stability of the fractured teeth with 13 years of follow-up.

Evaluation of 17% EDTA and 10% citric acid in smear layer removal and tubular dentin sealer penetration.

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of different chelating solutions (17% EDTA and 10% citric acid) on the smear layer removal, and their effect on tubular dentin sealer penetration. Sixty root canals were prepared and distributed into four groups (n = 15) according to the final irrigation protocol: G1, final irrigation with 2.5 mL of distilled water; G2, final irrigation with 2.

Efficacy of protaper instruments during endodontic retreatment.

Introduction: The effectiveness of ProTaper Universal and ProTaper Retreatment rotary instruments was compared to the Hedström files in the removal of filling material from root canals.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-six extracted human mandibular premolars with a single straight root canal were shaped and filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus. The specimens were stored for 6 months at 37°C and at 100% relative humidity, and then randomly divided into three groups: PTU - removal of filling material performed with ProTaper Universal instruments; PTR - removal of filling material performed with ProTaper Retreatment instruments; HF - removal of filling material performed with Gates-Glidden burs, Hedström files and solvent.

Accuracy of 2 Endodontic Rotary Motors with Integrated Apex Locator.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the efficacy of both the electronic apex locator (EAL) and auto apical reverse (AAR) functions of the endodontic motor MM Control (Micro-Mega, Besançon Cedex, France) compared with Root ZX II (J Morita, Tokyo, Japan).

Methods: After cervical preflaring, the actual lengths (ALs) of 36 single-rooted teeth were obtained up to the apical foramen. The EAL measurements at the marks "APEX" and "0.

XP Shaper, A Novel Adaptive Core Rotary Instrument: Micro-computed Tomographic Analysis of Its Shaping Abilities.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the shaping abilities of the XP Shaper (FKG, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) and compare the findings with Vortex Blue (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) using micro-computed tomographic imaging.

Methods: Twenty matched, extracted, mandibular, central incisors with a single, oval canal were scanned preoperatively at 25-μm resolution and postoperatively after instrumentation with either Vortex Blue in a crown-down manner up to size 30.04 or XP Shaper.