Plasma metabolite profiles of meat intake and their association with cardiovascular disease risk: A population-based study in Swedish cohorts.

Background: Higher meat intake has been associated with adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigated plasma metabolites associated with meat intake and their relation with cardiometabolic biomarkers, subclinical CVD markers, and incident CVD.

Methods: Associations between self-reported meat intake and 1272 plasma metabolites were investigated in the SCAPIS cohort (n = 8819; ages 50-64).

Meat intake in relation to composition and function of gut microbiota.

Objective: Meat intake is suggested to affect gut microbiome composition and the risk of chronic diseases. We aimed to identify meat-associated gut microbiome features and their association with host factors.

Design: Gut microbiota species were profiled by deep shotgun metagenomics sequencing in 9669 individuals.

Markers of imminent myocardial infarction.

Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death globally but is notoriously difficult to predict. We aimed to identify biomarkers of an imminent first myocardial infarction and design relevant prediction models. Here, we constructed a new case-cohort consortium of 2,018 persons without prior cardiovascular disease from six European cohorts, among whom 420 developed a first myocardial infarction within 6 months after the baseline blood draw.

The interaction of genetics and physical activity in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction associated liver disease.

Genetic variants associated with increased liver fat and volume have been reported, but whether physical activity (PA) can attenuate the impact of genetic susceptibility to these traits is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate whether higher PA modify genetic impact on liver-related traits in the UK Biobank cohort. PA was self-reported, while magnetic resonance images were used to estimate liver fat (n = 27,243) and liver volume (n = 24,752).

Major cardiovascular events and death in parents of children with type 1 diabetes: a register-based matched cohort study in Sweden.

Aims/hypothesis: Parenting a child with type 1 diabetes has been associated with stress-related symptoms. This study aimed to elucidate the potential impact on parental risk of major cardiovascular events (MCE) and death.

Methods: In this register-based study, we included the parents of 18,871 children, born 1987-2020 and diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in Sweden at <18 years.

Accelerometer-based physical activity is associated with the gut microbiota in 8416 individuals in SCAPIS.

Background: Previous population-based studies investigating the relationship between physical activity and the gut microbiota have relied on self-reported activity, prone to reporting bias. Here, we investigated the associations of accelerometer-based sedentary (SED), moderate-intensity (MPA), and vigorous-intensity (VPA) physical activity with the gut microbiota using cross-sectional data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study.

Methods: In 8416 participants aged 50-65, time in SED, MPA, and VPA were estimated with hip-worn accelerometer.

Species Abundance in the Gut Is Linked to Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in 8973 Participants From the SCAPIS Cohort.

Background: Gut microbiota have been implicated in atherosclerotic disease, but their relation with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis is unclear. This study aimed to identify associations between the gut microbiome and computed tomography-based measures of coronary atherosclerosis and to explore relevant clinical correlates.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 8973 participants (50 to 65 years of age) without overt atherosclerotic disease from the population-based SCAPIS (Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study).

Loci for insulin processing and secretion provide insight into type 2 diabetes risk.

Insulin secretion is critical for glucose homeostasis, and increased levels of the precursor proinsulin relative to insulin indicate pancreatic islet beta-cell stress and insufficient insulin secretory capacity in the setting of insulin resistance. We conducted meta-analyses of genome-wide association results for fasting proinsulin from 16 European-ancestry studies in 45,861 individuals. We found 36 independent signals at 30 loci (p value < 5 × 10), which validated 12 previously reported loci for proinsulin and ten additional loci previously identified for another glycemic trait.

An online atlas of human plasma metabolite signatures of gut microbiome composition.

Human gut microbiota produce a variety of molecules, some of which enter the bloodstream and impact health. Conversely, dietary or pharmacological compounds may affect the microbiota before entering the circulation. Characterization of these interactions is an important step towards understanding the effects of the gut microbiota on health.

Minor impact on fertility in men with inflammatory bowel disease: A National Cohort Study from Sweden.

Background And Aims: Onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in men is most common during childbearing age, but little is known about the impact on fertility. Previous studies of fertility in men were small, which justifies this large nation-based registry study.

Methods: Fertility was assessed in a national cohort of men with IBD aged 15-44 years in 1964-2014, identified from the Swedish National Patient Register, and in a reference cohort matched for age and place of residence (ratio 1:5).

App-based COVID-19 syndromic surveillance and prediction of hospital admissions in COVID Symptom Study Sweden.

The app-based COVID Symptom Study was launched in Sweden in April 2020 to contribute to real-time COVID-19 surveillance. We enrolled 143,531 study participants (≥18 years) who contributed 10.6 million daily symptom reports between April 29, 2020 and February 10, 2021.

Metabolic Profiling of Obesity With and Without the Metabolic Syndrome: A Multisample Evaluation.

Context: There is a dispute whether obesity without major metabolic derangements may represent a benign condition or not.

Objective: We aimed to compare the plasma metabolome in obese subjects without metabolic syndrome (MetS) with normal-weight subjects without MetS and with obese subjects with MetS.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study at 2 academic centers in Sweden.

Effect of General Adiposity and Central Body Fat Distribution on the Circulating Metabolome: A Multicohort Nontargeted Metabolomics Observational and Mendelian Randomization Study.

Obesity is associated with adverse health outcomes, but the metabolic effects have not yet been fully elucidated. We aimed to investigate the association between adiposity and circulating metabolites and to address causality with Mendelian randomization (MR). Metabolomics data were generated with nontargeted ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry in plasma and serum from three population-based Swedish cohorts: ULSAM (N = 1,135), PIVUS (N = 970), and TwinGene (N = 2,059).

Evening chronotype is associated with elevated biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in the EpiHealth cohort: a cross-sectional study.

Study Objectives: Individuals with evening chronotype have a higher risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In a population-based cohort, we aimed to investigate the association between chronotype and 242 circulating proteins from three panels of established or candidate biomarkers of cardiometabolic processes.

Methods: In 2,471 participants (49.

Enhanced virulence of Plasmodium falciparum in blood of diabetic patients.

Rising prevalence of diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa, coupled with continued malaria transmission, has resulted more patients dealing with both communicable and non-communicable diseases. We previously reported that travelers with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) infected with Plasmodium falciparum were three times more likely to develop severe malaria than non-diabetics. Here we explore the biological basis for this by testing blood from uninfected subjects with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, ex vivo, for their effects on parasite growth and rosetting (binding of infected erythrocytes to uninfected erythrocytes).

Sleep duration is associated with protein biomarkers for cardiometabolic health: A large-scale population study.

Sleep problems and short sleep duration have been linked to adverse health effects, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Finding biomarkers could explain mechanistic pathways and help in understanding relationships between sleep and cardiometabolic health. The aim was to assess if sleep duration and sleep quality affect the cardiometabolic-related protein profile.

Correction: Profiles of Plasmodium falciparum infections detected by microscopy through the first year of life in Kintampo a high transmission area of Ghana.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

A longitudinal study of plasma BAFF levels in mothers and their infants in Uganda, and correlations with subsets of B cells.

Malaria is a potentially life-threatening disease with approximately half of the world's population at risk. Young children and pregnant women are hit hardest by the disease. B cells and antibodies are part of an adaptive immune response protecting individuals continuously exposed to the parasite.

The shared risk of diabetes between dog and cat owners and their pets: register based cohort study.

Objective: To investigate whether dog and cat owners and their pets share a risk of developing diabetes.

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: Register based longitudinal study, Sweden.

Profiles of Plasmodium falciparum infections detected by microscopy through the first year of life in Kintampo a high transmission area of Ghana.

Although malaria mortality among children under five years of age is high, the characteristics of their infection patterns are not well described. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal sequence pattern of Plasmodium falciparum infections in the first year of life within a birth cohort in Kintampo, Ghana (N = 1855). Infants were monitored at home with monthly sampling and also at the clinic for any febrile illness between 2008 and 2011.

Impaired Fertility in Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A National Cohort Study From Sweden.

Background And Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] has been associated with reduced female fertility. We analyse fertility in a national cohort of women with IBD.

Methods: Fertility was assessed in women with IBD aged 15-44 years in 1964-2014, identified from the Swedish National Patient Register and a matched cohort [ratio 1:5].