[Spatial organization of house-keeping genes in interphase nuclei].

Spatial organization of the eukaryotic genome is tightly connected to its functioning. In particular, the interaction of gene promoters with remote enhancer elements in active chromatin hubs, as well as the recruitment of genes to the common transcription factories plays an important role in regulation of gene transcription. Most of works related to the analysis of spatial interaction of genome regulatory elements relies on models of tissue-specific genes.

[The chicken beta-globin genes: a model system for studying transcription regulation at the level of genomic domains].

In the last quarter of the XX century, as a result of studies performed on a number of model systems, a hypothesis was formulated according to which the genome of higher eukaryotes consists of functionally isolated areas named genomic domains. Each domain includes one or more genes and a regulatory system that is normally active only in respect of this domain and allows it to achieve the regulatory autonomy of the neighboring chromosome regions. A genomic domain is characterized by the spectra of covalent histone modifications which define the boundaries of the domain and the degree of chromatin condensation within it, and so, the probability of transcription activation of genes within the domain.

[Patterns of the histone modifications across the chicken alpha-globin genes domain].

Using native chromatin immunoprecipitation (N-ChIP) followed by TaqMan RT-PCR quantitative analysis we have determined the profiles of histone acetylation and histone methylation within the alpha-globin gene domain before and after switching of embryonic globin genes expression. The results obtained do not support a supposition that the inactivation of the embryonic alpha-type globin gene pi in erythroid cells of the adult lineage is mediated via formation of an inactive chromatin domain. On the other hand we have demonstrated that suppression of the gene pi activity in erythroid cells of adult lineage correlates with the decrease of the histone acetylation level within the embryonic subdomain of the alpha-globin gene domain.

[Study of blood flow in microvessels using biospeckle dynamics].

The hydrodynamic properties of the blood plasma flow in smallest microvessels have been investigated. It has been shown that velocity distribution in such flows essentially differs from the Poseuille flow. The interrelations between the optical parameters and hydrodynamic characteristics of blood microflow have been analyzed.

[The interaction of dynamic speckles with suspensions of gram-negative cells].

The role of temporal coherence at photodynamic action of light on living cells was investigated. A mathematical model describing the interaction of low-coherent speckles with bacterial cells was suggested and its parameters were determined based on experimental data. The interrelation between the life time of dynamic optical speckles and the degree of photodestruction of illuminated cells was established by computer simulations.

[Functional organization of lymphatic microvessels of the rat mesentery].

Lymph flow as measured with biomicroscopic and speckle-interferometrical techniques was very unstable and its rate did not depend on lymphangion diameter in the rat mesentery. A correlation was found between amount of cells in the lymph flow and other indices of lymphangion functions. All microvessels with phasic contractions and/or working valve were revealed as having a lymph flow.

[Expert system of choosing lower limb (thigh) prosthesis and diagnosis of the quality of prosthetics (II)].

The authors review an expert system (ES) of diagnosing the prosthetics quality, elucidate problems of the ES functioning within the framework of the general ES. Special attention is paid to the description of the knowledge and datum surface, to the algorithms of direct and reverse illegible logical data output in taking decisions as to defects of the patient's prosthesis in accordance with the signs observable. The work of the ES is demonstrated with special reference to concrete cases.

[An expert system for choosing prostheses for the lower extremities (hip) and assessing the quality of the prosthesis. I].

The authors describe the structure, characteristic features and experience gained with the employment of an expert system for the choice of hip prostheses (in cases of unilateral amputation) and assessment of the prosthetics quality. Word the requirements for hardware and software, present functional subsystems corresponding to certain interrelated stages of prosthetics. A variant has been devised of an appropriate training expert system with a profound representation of intelligence in an object area.

[Computer software and hardware requirements for the differential diagnosis of periodontal diseases using discriminant analysis].

A method of differential diagnosis of parodontium diseases has been devised with the aid of a functional diagnostic system using multichannel rheo- and photoplethysmographs and the deciding rule of discriminant function computation in accordance with an algorithm elaborated. As many as 200 patients have undergone diagnostic examination with the aid of the above-indicated software and hardware system to demonstrate a high probability (92%) of diagnosis.

[The use of discriminant analysis for the differential diagnosis of periodontal diseases].

Basing on rheo- and photoplethysmography combined with mathematical methods and computers the authors have developed a method for the differential diagnosis of periodontal diseases (gingivitis, periodontitis). Diagnostic studies carried out in 200 patients have shown a high probability (at least 92 percent) of the method for the differential diagnosis of periodontal diseases.

[An experimental validation of the use of various types of allografts for the replacement of mandibular defects].

The intensity of restructuring of various types of bone transplants and reaction of the adjacent tissues of the femoral distal epiphysis to these transplants was studied in rat experiments. The most manifest bone-inducing properties were detected in demineralized allobone, the least so in formalin-treated one; lyophilized and frozen transplants occupy an intermediate position between these two. These data are recommended to be borne in mind when replacing mandibular defects.

[A personal system of automated planning of microprocessor printing plates for radio-electronic medical equipment].

Personal CAD/CAM for graphic projection and manufacture of microprocessor PCB masks, input information-carrying medium and numeric controlled lathes has been designed. CAD/CAM instrument-software could be interfaced to an APRICOT type PC and to the USSR-manufactured equipment. Personal CAD/CAM is considered as a person-machine system and works in the automatic and semi-automatic modes.

[An expert system for therapeutic and diagnostic processes].

Specific peculiarities of the basic knowledge examination system are described herein. They allow to design a consulting system for the intensive care specialist. This system works out recommendations on the artificial kidney applications and recommends dialysate contents for individual applications.

[A system of diagnostic tests, the providing of medical equipment and the level of automation in ambulatory care clinics].

Some problems of establishing the complex of diagnostic investigations based on the use of medical instrumentation in outpatient clinics with 50 000 and more population being served are discussed. The methodology to evaluate informative signs according to every diagnostic examination is presented. Computational relationships for quantitative evaluation of informative signs are given as well as an algorithm of generalized examination results reporting.

[Anamnesis in the structure of an automated subsystem for prophylactic oncological examination].

Some problems of developing an automated control subsystem "Oncologic examinations" to perform health screening in outpatient conditions with the aim of early neoplasm detection are discussed.

[Construction of a system for the automatic design of printed-circuit boards for medical electronic apparatus].

The structure of the system for designing printed circuit boards based on such widely used technical equipment as minicomputers and unified-system computers, is discussed. The system allows one to carry out, in consecutive stages, the automation of the process of designing printed circuit boards and the technological provision for their manufacture. The principles of designing the boards on the basis of algorithms using the notion of channels and including the subdivision of the total circuit into separate structural units, the location of different elements in these units and their tracing are described in detail.

[Automation of the technological medical process in ambulatory polyclinic and hospital establishments].

Now, the creation of automated instruments, apparatus and systems providing complex instrumentation of medical technological processes in ambulant-polyclinical and hospital centers became the main line of the medical technique's development. Primary problems and objects of automation are determined from the proposed models of managing the treatment and diagnostic processes in these establishments.

[Complications after operations on the biliary tracts and their prevention].

Among 259 planned operations on bile ducts 102 operations were performed for complicated cholecystitis and 36 operations for the syndrome after cholecystectomy. Intensive correcting therapy of morphofunctional disorders of the liver and pancreas in the pre- and postoperative period including the intraportal way of infusion as well as the optimal choice of the type of the surgical intervention allowed to reduce complications of acute hepatic insufficiency (3 patients or 1,15%) with one lethal outcome and to avoid pancreatonecrosis after the operation. Early diagnosis and timely surgical treatment of patients with cholelithiasis as well as special measures for the prevention of complications could result in less postoperative complications and lethality and better remote results of the surgery.

[Dual control of organ-assisting devices according to the criterion of the activity of the partially replaced organ].

The authors propose a structure of controlled accessory systems that are intended to substitute the functions of different human organs. It is shown, that during controlled process it is possible to extract the value indicating the variability of the substituted organ activity and to use it as the control criterion.