Atmosphere injection of sea salts during large explosive submarine volcanic eruptions.

The 15 January 2022 submarine eruption at Hunga volcano was the most explosive volcanic eruption in 140 years. It involved exceptional magma and seawater interaction throughout the entire submarine caldera collapse. The submarine volcanic jet breached the sea surface and formed a subaerial eruptive plume that transported volcanic ash, gas, sea salts and seawater up to ~ 57 km, reaching into the mesosphere.

Vikrahraun-the 1961 basaltic lava flow eruption at Askja, Iceland: morphology, geochemistry, and planetary analogs.

Unlabelled: We examine the morphology and chemistry of the Vikrahraun basaltic eruption emplaced at Askja Volcano, Iceland, from Oct. 26-Dec. 17, 1961.

Volumetric extrusive rates of silicic supereruptions from the Afro-Arabian large igneous province.

The main phase of silicic volcanism from the Afro-Arabian large igneous province preserves some of the largest volcanic eruptions on Earth, with six units totaling >8,600 km dense rock equivalent (DRE). The large volumes of rapidly emplaced individual eruptions present a case study for examining the tempo of voluminous silicic magma generation and emplacement. Here were report high-precision Pb/U zircon ages and show that the largest sequentially dated eruptions occurred within 48 ± 34 kyr (29.

Mutations in Escherichia coli altering an apurinic endonuclease, endonuclease II, and exonuclease III and their effect on in vivo sensitivity to methylmethanesulfonate.

The levels of endonuclease II, an apurinic endonuclease, and exonuclease III in the parent strains (AB 1157) of Escherichia coli and in various mutants were determined by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. AB 3027 and NH 5016 lacked endonuclease II and exonuclease III. BW 2001 lacked the apurinic endonuclease and exonuclease III while BW 2007, BW 9093, and BW 9059 lacked only exonuclease III.