Understanding the impacts on land use through GHG-water-land-biodiversity nexus: The case of oil palm plantations in Thailand.

The promotion of biodiesel from palm oil for on-road transportation during the past decade has led to the expansion of oil palm plantations, including in Thailand. Hence, it is necessary to study the effects of land use for oil palm and the linkage between each impact for a holistic understanding. Besides, the consideration of various impact aspects in terms of a nexus is necessary for suggesting appropriate practices or zoning, because a single impact evaluation may not be comprehensive.