An introductory review on the application of principal component analysis in the data exploration of the chemical analysis of food samples.

Principal component analysis (PCA) is currently one of the most used multivariate data analysis techniques for evaluating information from food analysis. In this review, a brief introduction to the theoretical principles that underlie PCA will be given, in addition to presenting the most commonly used computer programs. An example from the literature was discussed to illustrate the use of this chemometric tool and interpretation of graphs and parameters obtained.

Doehlert design in the optimization of procedures aiming food analysis - A review.

In the present paper is presented a review on the application of Doehlert design in the optimization of some of the steps of analytical procedures aimed the analysis of food samples. The theoretical principles and the main characteristics of this type of design are described. In addition, the main advantages and limitations of Doehlert design over other designs (Central Composite Design and Box-Behnken) and its application in the area of food analysis are discussed.

Multivariate optimization of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for determination of copper and manganese in coconut water by FAAS.

In this study, multivariate methodologies were applied in the optimization of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method, aiming at the determination of Cu and Mn in coconut water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Some extractors (chloroform and CCl), dispersants (ethanol, methanol and acetonitrile) and complexing agents (5-Br-PADAP and Dithzone) were previously tested in the extraction. A mixture design was used to optimize the component proportions formed by chloroform (10%), acetonitrile (76%), and 0.

Multivariate optimization of a goat meat alkaline solubilization procedure using tetramethylammonium hydroxide for metals determination using FAAS.

In the present work, multivariate designs were used to optimize an alkaline dissolution, assisted by ultrasound energy, procedure of goat meat using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) aiming to determine Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na and Zn by flame atomic absorption (FAAS) and emission (FAES) spectrometry. The optimal conditions found for the dissolution were in the following ranges: 0.4-0.

An alkaline dissolution-based method using tetramethylammonium hydroxide for metals determination in cow milk samples.

This study approaches the development of a method for the determination of Ca, Mg, Zn, and Fe in liquid and powdered cow milk. The method is based on sample dissolution assisted by ultrasound energy in tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) media and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Central composite design (CCD) associated with response surface methodology and desirability function allowed the fast and efficient optimization of the variables involved in the performance of the dissolution.

Simultaneous optimization of multiple responses and its application in Analytical Chemistry - A review.

This manuscript covers the application of the main techniques for simultaneous optimization of multiple responses generated by the application of multivariate designs (two-factor factorial, Central Composite, Doehlert, etc.) or by chromatographic runs in the development of analytical methods. Special attention will be given to the graphical method, desirability function, multiple response function and chromatographic response functions, since they are more frequently used in the analytical area.