Quantitative CT Morphometrics: A Novel Approach for Predicting the Bladder Cancer Grade.

Background and objective Bladder cancer (BC) is a common urothelial neoplasm, with non-muscle invasive forms comprising about 75% of cases and generally having better outcomes than muscle-invasive types. Accurate preoperative grading and staging of BC are essential for appropriate treatment planning. This study investigates the efficacy of computerized tomography (CT) in correlating the morphological features of tumors to predict the histopathological grades of BC.

Contribution of 68 Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT to Prostate Cancer Imaging : Complementary Role in PSMA-Negative Cases.

Purpose: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted PET/CT is a well-established imaging method in prostate cancer (PC) for both staging and restaging, and also for theranostic applications. An alternative imaging method is crucial for 15% PSMA-negative cases. We aimed to investigate the contribution of 68 Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT to PC imaging.

Higher Serum Endothelial-Specific Molecule-1 (ESM-1/Endocan) Levels are Associated with Poor Pathological Outcomes in Primary Bladder Cancer: A Non-randomized, Prospective, Case-Control Study.

Aim: To compare serum endothelial-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1 or endocan) levels between individuals with primary bladder cancer (BC) who have various pathological features of BC and healthy volunteers.

Materials And Methods: 154 consecutive patients with primary BC (Group-1) and 52 healthy volunteers (Group-2) were accepted into this prospective, non-randomized, observational research between January 2017 and December 2018. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from each participant to measure serum ESM-1/endocan levels.

Evaluation of the quality of life of patients with premature ejaculation (lifelong and acquired).

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of patients with lifelong and acquired premature ejaculation and to examine its relationship with depression and anxiety.

Methods: Between February 2017 and January 2018, a total of 175 patients with premature ejaculation and 132 control men who applied to the urology department of the training and research hospital with the complaint of Premature Ejaculation were included. Patients were divided into three groups according to International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) criteria as follows: Group 1, lifelong premature ejaculation; Group 2, acquired premature ejaculation, and Group 3, control group without premature ejaculation.

18 F-FDG PET/CT in Urethral Metastases From Bladder Cancer.

Urethral metastasis of bladder cancer after surgery is rare. We present a 63-year-old man who had surgery for invasive bladder carcinoma and prostate adenocarcinoma 4 years ago and referred for urethral hemorrhage. 18 F-FDG PET/CT was performed for restaging and showed intense linear 18 F-FDG activity in the proximal urethra.

Adjuvant Treatment Approaches after Radical Prostatectomy with Lymph Node Involvement.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the adjuvant treatment preferences and effects on disease progression in patients with pathologically positive lymph node prostate cancer.

Methods: Patients who underwent radical prostatectomy from the prostate cancer database of the Turkish Urooncology Association with lymph node involvement were included in the study. Database includes prostate cancer patients from many experience Urooncology centers of Turkey.

18F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT Findings in a Patient With Primary Renal Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor.

Primary renal well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (WDNETs), also called renal carcinoids, are extremely rare. Since first described in 1966, approximately 100 cases have been reported in the literature. However, there have been no cases shown by PET/CT to date.

The prostatic adenocarcinoma with mucinous features: A review of the literature with three case reports.

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate is one of the rare variants of the prostatic carcinoma, and its incidence among all prostatic carcinomas is reported to be 0.3% in the literature. If the tumor variant containing extracellular mucin in <25% of the resected tumor mass, the histology is defined as adenocarcinoma with mucinous features.

Ta grade 3/high grade non-invasive bladder cancer: Should we perform a second TUR?

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of second transurethral resection (TUR) on oncological outcomes, according to the presence or absence of detrusor muscle in the initial TUR of patients with pTa Grade 3/high grade (G3/HG) tumours, who received at least 1 year of maintenance Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy.

Patients And Methods: In this retrospective study, we evaluated the effect of second TUR on oncological outcomes of 93 patients with pTa G3/HG tumours, according to the presence or absence of muscle in the initial TUR. All patients received maintenance BCG therapy according to the SWOG protocol.

Shock wave lithotripsy deteriorates male sexual functions related to the treatment-driven anxiety: A prospective, non-randomized, self-controlled study.

This study aims to investigatel ongitudinal changes in sexual functions (SF), anxiety status, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) in male urolithiasis patients. METHODS: Between February 2015 and April 2017, 85 consecutive male patients with kidney or ureter stones and treated with SWL were included. Patients were evaluated for SF, anxiety status, and HRQoL with questionnaire forms before and at the third month after SWL.

Renal pelvis urine Gram stain as a traditional, but new marker in predicting postoperative fever and stone culture positivity in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: an observational, prospective, non-randomized cohort study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of renal pelvis urine Gram staining (RPUGS) in predicting postoperative fever and renal stone culture (RSC) positivity in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Methods: Totally 141 consecutive patients undergoing PCNL for renal stone were included between January 2018 and December 2019. The RPUGS and renal pelvis urine culture (RPUC) were performed using urine sample from renal collecting system, while RSC was performed using stone fragments.

Stromal Lymphoid Response Status in Micropapillary Urothelial Carcinomas Diagnosed in Bladder Transurethral Resections and its Comparison with Conventional Urothelial Carcinomas.

Objective: Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma is an aggressive variant of urothelial carcinoma. Evidence suggests that the relationship between the tumor and inflammatory cells is important in tumor progression and the treatment response. We evaluated the stromal lymphoid response in micropapillary urothelial carcinomas and compared it with conventional urothelial carcinomas.

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is an early marker of renal damage in lower urinary tract obstruction in rats.

To compare the urinary NGAL levels with serum creatinine levels as an early biomarker for renal injury in rats with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). METHODS: Twenty male Wistar Albino rats dividedin to 4 groups. In each group basal serum creatinine and urinary NGAL levels were evaluated.

Possible effects of low testosterone levels on olfactory function in males.

Introduction: Functions attributed to androgens have increased, ranging from the role in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and reproductive behaviors to modulation of cognition, mood and some other functions. Sex differences and changes in circulating sex hormones affect human sensory function. In the literature, authors reported this kind of influence for olfaction predominantly in females.

Predictive value of prognostic nutritional index on tumor stage in patients with primary bladder cancer.

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to evaluate relationship between preoperative Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) values and tumor stage and to identify predictive value of PNI in patients with primary bladder cancer (BC).

Methods:  A total of 164 patients with primary bladder cancer were retrospectively analyzed using institutional bladder cancer database between January 2008 and January 2018. The PNI was calculated using preoperative blood sample results.

Is cystoscopy follow-up protocol safe for low-risk bladder cancer without muscle invasion?

Objective: The applicability of cystoscopy follow-up protocol that is indicated for low-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in the guidelines was investigated for our population.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent transurethral resection with a diagnosis of primary bladder tumor in our clinic within 10 years with low grade of pathology pTa and follow-up periods of at least 5 years were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty-one patients (39 males and 12 females) who were diagnosed with a low-risk NMIBC, had no recurrence at the 3-month control cystoscopy, and followed up for the first 2 years on 3-month basis with cystoscopy were included in the study.

Comparison of the outcomes of laparoscopic pyeloplasty with and without concomitant pyelolithotomy.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the results of laparoscopic pyeloplasty with concomitant pyelolithotomy and compare results with a cohort of patients undergoing laparoscopic pyeloplasty without pyelolithotomy.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of 43 patients undergoing transperitoneal laparoscopic Anderson-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty between December 2012 and July 2018 at our department. Eighteen patients (42%) underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty with concomitant pyelolithotomy.

Improving the diagnosis of high grade and stage bladder cancer by detecting increased urinary calprotectin expression in tumor tissue and tumor-associated inflammatory response.

Purpose: To investigate whether measurement of urinary calprotectin can serve as a biomarker in the diagnosis of primary bladder cancer and to confirm its diagnostic role in determining high grade and stage disease.

Materials And Methods: Urinary calprotectin was measured in spot urine samples from patients with primary bladder cancer and control subjects. To confirm levels in urine, tissue samples were also obtained from bladder tumor and healthy trigone of bladder by transurethral resection in both groups.

The Predictive Value of Ischemia-Modified Albumin in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to investigate the predictive value of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) as an oxidative stress indicator in renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.

Methods: Forty female Wistar Albino rats were divided into 5 groups: Group-1, sham; group-2, 20 min I/R, group-3, 30 min I/R; group-4, 40 min I/R; and group-5, 60 min I/R. Blood samples were taken, and nephrectomy was performed in the sham group before ischemia was induced.

Does preoperative hydronephrosis affect the stone-free rate of micro-percutaneous nephrolithotomy?

Objectives: Micropercutaneous nephrolithotomy (microperc) is a new minimal-invasive technique.We aimed to investigate whether preoperative hydronephrosis has an impact on the stone-free rate of microperc.

Methods: In this study, 66 consecutive patients were included and divided into 2 groups:patients without preoperative hydronephrosis (group-1) and patients with preoperative hydronephrosis (group-2).

The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Peyronie's Disease in Rat Model.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of intratunical injection of platelet rich plasma (PRP) for the treatment of Peyronie's disease (PD) in a rat model.

Materials And Methods: Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-350 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham, PD, PD + PRP, and PRP. The PD + PRP groups received intratunical injections with 0.

Textural differences between renal cell carcinoma subtypes: Machine learning-based quantitative computed tomography texture analysis with independent external validation.

Objective: To develop externally validated, reproducible, and generalizable models for distinguishing three major subtypes of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) using machine learning-based quantitative computed tomography (CT) texture analysis (qCT-TA).

Materials And Methods: Sixty-eight RCCs were included in this retrospective study for model development and internal validation. Another 26 RCCs were included from public databases (The Cancer Genome Atlas-TCGA) for independent external validation.

68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in Newly Diagnosed Prostate Adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand PET/CT is an emerging modality to detect the metastatic disease, especially in intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we analyzed the contribution of Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in staging and therapy management of newly diagnosed PCa.

Materials And Methods: A total of 78 patients with biopsy-proven PCa who were referred for Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for primary staging were retrospectively analyzed.

Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Machine Learning-Based Quantitative Computed Tomography Texture Analysis for Prediction of Fuhrman Nuclear Grade.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of quantitative computed tomography (CT) texture analysis using different machine learning (ML) classifiers for discriminating low and high nuclear grade clear cell renal cell carcinomas (cc-RCCs).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 53 patients with pathologically proven 54 cc-RCCs (31 low-grade [grade 1 or 2]; 23 high-grade [grade 3 or 4]). In one patient, two synchronous cc-RCCs were included in the analysis.