Effects of combined use of trospium chloride and melatonin on in vitro contractility of rat urinary bladder.

Objectives: To examine the effects of combined use of trospium chloride and melatonin on in vitro contractility of rat urinary bladder.

Methods: Isolated bladder strips from 20 male Wistar rats were examined in an organ bath. Contractions were evoked by acetylcholine (ACh).

Effectiveness of vardenafil versus papaverine in penile Doppler ultrasonography.

Purpose: To evaluate erectile dysfunction, penile color Doppler ultrasound is currently considered the best method. But intracavernous injection is invasive and has adverse effects, such as prolonged erection and risk of priapism. In our study we want to evaluate whether vardenafil can be used instead of papaverine in penile Doppler ultrasonography.