Venous aneurysm complicating arteriovenous fistula access and matrix metalloproteinases.

Introduction: An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for placed for hemodialysis may be burdened by one particular complication-the formation of a venous aneurysm. It has been shown that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) could represent markers of disease in both venous and arterial vessels.

Materials And Methods: This case study reports a rare case of enormous venous aneurysm-correlated MMP and NGAL levels in a woman with an AVF.

Chronic wound infections: the role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

Chronic leg ulcers affect 1-2% of the general population and are related to increased morbidity and health costs. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most common bacteria isolated from chronic wounds. They can express virulence factors and surface proteins affecting wound healing.