Prediction and impact of failure of transradial approach for primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Objectives: To determine predictors of failure of transradial approach (TRA) in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and develop a novel score specific for this population.

Methods: Consecutive patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI in a tertiary care high-volume radial centre were included. TRA-PCI failure was categorised as primary (primary transfemoral approach (TFA)) or crossover (from TRA to TFA).

Changes in CYP2C19 enzyme activity evaluated by the [(13)C]-pantoprazole breath test after co-administration of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors following percutaneous coronary intervention and correlation to platelet reactivity.

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with clopidogrel and aspirin is used for the prevention of cardiovascular events following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). These agents increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. To prevent these events, proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are routinely prescribed.

Interaction of chronic total occlusion and chronic kidney disease in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Chronic total occlusion (CTO) in a non-infarct-related artery and chronic kidney failure (CKD) are associated with worse outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of CTO and CKD in patients who underwent primary PCI for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Patients with STEMIs with or without CKD, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.

Effect on door-to-balloon time of immediate transradial percutaneous coronary intervention on culprit lesion in ST-elevation myocardial infarction compared to diagnostic angiography followed by primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Door-to-balloon (DTB) time is an important metric in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction to optimize clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of immediate PCI on culprit lesions in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions versus diagnostic angiography followed by PCI on DTB times and procedural data at a high-volume tertiary care radial center. All patients who underwent primary PCI <12 hours after symptom onset were studied.

Incidence and clinical impact of concurrent chronic total occlusion according to gender in ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of a concurrent CTO in men and women and to examine its impact on mortality.

Background: The impact of chronic total occlusion (CTO) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) according to gender has not been assessed.

Methods: Patients referred with STEMI were categorized into single vessel disease (SVD), multivessel disease (MVD) without, with 1 or > 1 CTO.

Deadly association of cardiogenic shock and chronic total occlusion in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Background: The association between cardiogenic shock and 1 or >1 chronic total occlusion (CTO) in unselected patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI) (STEMI) has not been characterized.

Methods: Patients with STEMI referred with or without cardiogenic shock were categorized into no CTO, 1 CTO, and >1 CTO. The primary end point was the 30-day mortality.

Prevalence, predictors and clinical impact of unique and multiple chronic total occlusion in non-infarct-related artery in patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Objectives: To investigate the predictors and impact on long-term survival of one chronic total occlusion (CTO) or multiple CTOs in patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Design: Single-centre retrospective observational study.

Setting: University-based tertiary referral centre.

A glycine-arginine domain in control of the human MRE11 DNA repair protein.

Human MRE11 is a key enzyme in DNA double-strand break repair and genome stability. Human MRE11 bears a glycine-arginine-rich (GAR) motif that is conserved among multicellular eukaryotic species. We investigated how this motif influences MRE11 function.

PARP1-dependent kinetics of recruitment of MRE11 and NBS1 proteins to multiple DNA damage sites.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a nuclear enzyme that is rapidly activated by DNA strand breaks and signals the presence of DNA lesions by attaching ADP-ribose units to chromatin-associated proteins. The therapeutic applications of PARP inhibitors in potentiating the killing action of ionizing radiation have been well documented and are attracting increasing interest as a cancer treatment. However, the initial kinetics underlying the recognition of multiple DNA lesions by PARP1 and how inhibition of PARP potentiates the activity of DNA-damaging agents are unknown.

Stimulation of fission yeast and mouse Hop2-Mnd1 of the Dmc1 and Rad51 recombinases.

Genetic analysis of fission yeast suggests a role for the spHop2-Mnd1 proteins in the Rad51 and Dmc1-dependent meiotic recombination pathways. In order to gain biochemical insights into this process, we purified Schizosaccharomyces pombe Hop2-Mnd1 to homogeneity. spHop2 and spMnd1 interact by co-immunoprecipitation and two-hybrid analysis.

Twists and turns in the function of DNA damage signaling and repair proteins by post-translational modifications.

When the human genome was sequenced, it was surprising to find that it contains approximately 30,000 genes and not 100,000 as most textbooks had predicted. Since then, it became clear that evolution has favored the existence of only a limited number of genes with inducible functions over multiple genes each having specific roles. Many genes products can be modified by post-translational modifications therefore fine-tuning the roles of the corresponding proteins.

The transcriptional histone acetyltransferase cofactor TRRAP associates with the MRN repair complex and plays a role in DNA double-strand break repair.

Transactivation-transformation domain-associated protein (TRRAP) is a component of several multiprotein histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes implicated in transcriptional regulation. TRRAP was shown to be required for the mitotic checkpoint and normal cell cycle progression. MRE11, RAD50, and NBS1 (product of the Nijmegan breakage syndrome gene) form the MRN complex that is involved in the detection, signaling, and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs).

Arginine methylation of MRE11 by PRMT1 is required for DNA damage checkpoint control.

The role of protein arginine methylation in the DNA damage checkpoint response and DNA repair is largely unknown. Herein we show that the MRE11 checkpoint protein is arginine methylated by PRMT1. Mutation of the arginines within MRE11 severely impaired the exonuclease activity of MRE11 but did not influence its ability to form complexes with RAD50 and NBS1.

Stomach regional specification requires Hoxa5-driven mesenchymal-epithelial signaling.

The genetic control of gut regionalization relies on a hierarchy of molecular events in which the Hox gene family of transcription factors is suspected to be key participant. We have examined the role of Hox genes in gut patterning using the Hoxa5(-/-) mice as a model. Hoxa5 is expressed in a dynamic fashion in the mesenchymal component of the developing gut.