Sentinel surveillance of suspected opioid-related poisonings and injuries: trends and context derived from the electronic Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program, March 2011 to June 2017.

Introduction: The opioid epidemic is currently a major public health problem in Canada. As such, knowledge of upstream risk factors associated with opioid use is needed to inform injury prevention, health promotion and harm reduction efforts.

Methods: We analyzed data extracted from 11 pediatric and 6 general hospital emergency departments (EDs) as part of the electronic Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (eCHIRPP) from March 2011 to June 2017.

A review of findings from the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS).

Objective: This article critically assesses and reviews analyses derived from three cycles of the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS) published between 2001 and October 2011.

Methods: Articles were retrieved from the Public Health Agency of Canada's data request records, which tracked database access and ensuing publications. The included articles were reviewed and appraised independently by the authors.

The burden of adult obesity in Canada.

Obesity is a major public health problem associated with a wide range of health problems. This study estimates the prevalence of obesity, calculates the proportion (or population-attributable fraction [PAF]) of major chronic diseases which is attributable to obesity, estimates the deaths attributable to it and projects its future prevalence trends. In Canada, the overall age-standardized prevalence proportion of obesity has increased from 10 percent in 1970 to 23% in 2004 (8 percent to 23 percent in men and 13 percent to 22 percent in women).

Adolescent injury deaths and hospitalization in Canada: magnitude and temporal trends (1979-2003).

Purpose: To understand the magnitude and the national trends of mortality and hospitalization due to injuries among Canadian adolescents aged 15-19 years in 1979-2003.

Methods: Data on injury deaths and hospitalizations were obtained from the national Vital Statistical System and the Hospital Morbidity Database. Injuries were classified by intent and by mechanism.

Trends in mortality from ischemic heart disease in Canada, 1986-2000.

This study examined trends in ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality rates in Canada from 1986 to 2000, including analyses at the county level. The study population comprised Canadians aged 35 and over. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) were computed.

Mortality among Canadian women with cosmetic breast implants.

There is widespread concern about possible long-term health effects among women who have received breast implants for cosmetic purposes; few studies have reported on the mortality patterns of such women. The authors examined cause-specific mortality in a cohort of 24,558 women with breast implants and 15,893 women who underwent other plastic surgery procedures in Ontario and Quebec, Canada, between 1974 and 1989. Deaths through 1997 were identified through linkage to the national mortality database.

Trends in childhood injury mortality in Canada, 1979-2002.

Objective: To examine national trends in mortality rates for injuries among Canadian children younger than 15 years in 1979-2002.

Methods: Data on injury deaths were obtained from the Canadian Vital Statistics system at Statistics Canada. Injuries were classified using the codes for external cause of injury and poisoning (E-codes) by intent and by mechanism.

Cancer incidence in a cohort of Ontario and Quebec women having bilateral breast augmentation.

The possibility that women, who receive breast implants for cosmetic purposes, have increased long-term risks of developing cancer continues to be debated. The objective of our study was to prospectively examine cancer incidence among women who received breast implants. A cohort was assembled of 24,558 women, 18 years of age and older, who underwent bilateral cosmetic breast augmentation, and 15,893 women who underwent other cosmetic procedures in Ontario or Quebec between 1974 and 1989.

Physical activity, obesity, energy intake, and the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a population-based case-control study.

The authors conducted a population-based case-control study of 1,030 cases with histologically confirmed, incident non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 3,106 controls to assess the impact of recreational physical activity, obesity, and energy intake on NHL risk in Canada from 1994 to 1997. Compared with those for subjects in the lowest quartiles of total recreational physical activity, multivariable-adjusted odds ratios for subjects in the highest quartile were 0.79 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.

Trends in mortality from diabetes mellitus in Canada, 1986-2000.

The purpose of this study was to examine trends in diabetes mellitus (DM) mortality rates in Canada, including analysis at the provincial level, during the period 1986-2000. The study population included Canadians aged 35 and over. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) were computed.

Occupational risk factors for brain cancer in Canada.

Objective: We sought to examine the impact of occupational exposure on brain cancer risk.

Methods: Mailed questionnaires were used to collect information on lifetime employment history, occupational exposure to 18 chemicals, and other risk factors for 1009 incident cases of brain cancer and 5039 control subjects in Canada in 1994 to 1997.

Results: People exposed to asphalt and welding had respective odds ratio (and 95% confidence interval) of 1.

Physical activity and the risk of ovarian cancer: a case-control study in Canada.

We evaluated the impact of recreational and occupational physical activity on ovarian cancer risk using data from a population-based case-control study of 442 cases with histologically confirmed incident ovarian cancer and 2,135 controls aged 20-76 years, conducted in 1994-1997 in Canada. Frequency and intensity of physical activity were collected through self-administered questionnaires. Compared to women in the lowest tertiles of moderate, vigorous and total recreational activity, those in the highest tertiles had multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) of 0.

Survival patterns for the top four cancers in Canada: the effects of age, region and period.

This study examined the variations in survival rates (1989-1991) and the trends (1969-1991), by sex, age and province, for patients diagnosed with breast, colorectal, lung or prostate cancer in Canada and compared the Canadian rates with those of nine American SEER registries. Five-year age-standardized relative survival rates (ASRs) were calculated, and the trends were estimated from variance-weighted linear regression of the ASRs for five periods of diagnosis (1969-1973, 1974-1978, 1979-1983, 1984-1988 and 1989-1991). In 1989-1991, the ASR varied among provinces for each cancer except female colorectal cancer.

Active and passive smoking and risk of renal cell carcinoma in Canada.

This study aimed to assess the role of active and passive smoking in the development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Mailed questionnaires were completed by 1279 incident RCC cases and 5370 population controls between 1994 and 1997 in eight Canadian provinces. Data were collected on socio-economic status, smoking habits, diet and passive smoking status, as well as residential and occupational history.

Occupational exposure to chemical and petrochemical industries and bladder cancer risk in four western Canadian provinces.

Occupational factors have been proposed to play a critical role in bladder cancer. This population-based case-control study was conducted to confirm the association between selected occupational and non-occupational risk factors and risk of bladder cancer using data collected from the four western Canadian provinces. Unconditional logistic regression analyses were based on 549 histologically confirmed bladder cancer cases and 1099 controls.

A case-control study of diet and the risk of ovarian cancer.

Epidemiologic studies have suggested that some dietary factors may play a role in the etiology of ovarian cancer, but the findings have been inconsistent. We assessed the association of ovarian cancer with dietary factors in a population-based case-control study in Canada. Diet information was collected on 442 incident cases of ovarian cancer diagnosed in 1994 to 1997 and 2,135 population controls via a self-administered questionnaire.

Association of cigarette smoking with the risk of ovarian cancer.

Cigarette smoking may be associated with ovarian cancer risk. This association may differ by histological type. The authors conducted a population-based case-control study in Canada of 442 incident cases of ovarian cancer and 2,135 controls 20-76 years of age during 1994-1997 to examine this association, overall and by histological type.

Survival of women with breast cancer in Ottawa, Canada: variation with age, stage, histology, grade and treatment.

This study examined the 5-year survival of 2192 breast cancer women diagnosed between 1994 and 1997 in Ottawa, Canada, by age, TNM stage, histology, grade and treatment, including assessment of the independent value of variables in defining prognosis. Our results showed that age, stage, treatment and grade significantly influenced outcome regardless of the confounding factors considered, with histology failing to achieve significant independent prognostic information. The survival rates were highest at ages 50-69 years for stage I and at ages 40-49 years for stages II-IV.

Cancer incidence patterns among Chinese immigrant populations in Alberta.

This study examines the incidence of cancer among Chinese immigrants to Alberta in comparison to the incidence in Canadian-born Alberta residents and in people of Chinese origin still living in China. Cancer cases among Chinese immigrants and Canadian-born Alberta residents were identified from the Alberta Cancer Registry (1974-1993). Incidence rates for Shanghai (1975-1992) were obtained from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) publications.

Association of obesity and cancer risk in Canada.

The authors conducted a population-based, case-control study of 21,022 incident cases of 19 types of cancer and 5,039 controls aged 20-76 years during 1994-1997 to examine the association between obesity and the risks of various cancers. Compared with people with a body mass index of less than 25 kg/m(2), obese (body mass index of > or = 30 kg/m(2)) men and women had an increased risk of overall cancer (multivariable adjusted odds ratio = 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.