Preliminary findings of German-sourced ONC201 treatment in H3K27 altered pediatric pontine diffuse midline gliomas.

Purpose: H3K27 altered pediatric pontine diffuse midline gliomas (pDMG) have a poor prognosis, and conventional treatments offer limited benefits. However, recent advancements in molecular evaluations and targeted therapies have shown promise. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of German-sourced ONC201, a selective antagonist of dopamine receptor DRD2, for the treatment of pediatric H3K27 altered pDMGs.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Medically Inoperable Endometrial Cancer.

Endometrial carcinoma is the most frequently diagnosed gynecological cancer among women aged 50 and older in developed countries. In patients who are not amenable to surgery, radiotherapy results in improved survival with acceptable adverse effect profiles. Definitive stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) as a monotherapy remains an unaddressed concept in the literature.

Dosimetric evaluation of VMAT and helical tomotherapy techniques comparing conventional volumes with clinical target volumes based on new ESTRO ACROP post-mastectomy with immediate implant reconstruction contouring guidelines.

Background: The ESTRO-ACROP Consensus Guideline (EACG) recommends implant excluded clinical target volume (CTVp) definitions for post-mastectomy radiation therapy after implant-based immediate breast reconstruction (IBR). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Helical Tomotherapy (HTp) and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMATp) treatment techniques in terms of CTVp coverage and reduced organ at risk (OAR), normal tissue and implant doses when CTVp was used for treatment planning as the target structure instead of conventional CTV.

Methods: Eight left-sided and eight right-sided breast cancer patients who underwent IBR after mastectomy were included in this study.

Stereotactic MR-guided online adaptive radiation therapy (SMART) for the treatment of liver metastases in oligometastatic patients: initial clinical experience.

Purpose: We aimed to present our initial clinical experience on the implementation of a stereotactic MR-guided online adaptive radiation therapy (SMART) for the treatment of liver metastases in oligometastatic disease.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-one patients (24 lesions) with liver metastasis treated with SMART were included in this retrospective study. Step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiotherapy technique was used with daily plan adaptation.

Magnetic resonance image-guided adaptive stereotactic body radiotherapy for prostate cancer: preliminary results of outcome and toxicity.

Objective: Using moderate or ultra-hypofractionation, which is also known as stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for treatment of localized prostate cancer patients has been increased. We present our preliminary results on the clinical utilization of MRI-guided adaptive radiotherapy (MRgRT) for prostate cancer patients with the workflow, dosimetric parameters, toxicities and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response.

Methods: 50 prostate cancer patients treated with ultra-hypofractionation were included in the study.

Prognostic factors in medically inoperable early stage lung cancer patients treated with stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR): Turkish Radiation Oncology Society Multicentric Study.

Objective: We identified factors influencing outcomes in patients with medically inoperable early stage lung cancer (MIESLC) treated with stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) at 14 centers in Turkey.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 431 patients with stage I-II MIESLC treated with SABR from 2009 through 2017. Age; sex; performance score; imaging technique; tumor histology and size; disease stage radiation dose, fraction and biologically effective dose with an α/β ratio of 10 (BED ); tumor location and treatment center were evaluated for associations with overall survival (OS), local control (LC) and toxicity.

Urethra-Sparing Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Quality Assurance of a Randomized Phase 2 Trial.

Purpose: To present the radiation therapy quality assurance results from a prospective multicenter phase 2 randomized trial of short versus protracted urethra-sparing stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for localized prostate cancer.

Methods And Materials: Between 2012 and 2015, 165 patients with prostate cancer from 9 centers were randomized and treated with SBRT delivered either every other day (arm A, n = 82) or once a week (arm B, n = 83); 36.25 Gy in 5 fractions were prescribed to the prostate with (n = 92) or without (n = 73) inclusion of the seminal vesicles (SV), and the urethra planning-risk volume received 32.

Once-a-week or every-other-day urethra-sparing prostate cancer stereotactic body radiotherapy, a randomized phase II trial: 18 months follow-up results.

Background: To present the 18 months results from a prospective multicenter phase II randomized trial of short vs protracted urethra-sparing stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for localized prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: Between 2012 and 2015, a total of 170 PCa patients were randomized to 36.25 Gy in 5 fractions (6.

Diagnosis and treatment of brain metastases from solid tumors: guidelines from the European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO).

The management of patients with brain metastases has become a major issue due to the increasing frequency and complexity of the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In 2014, the European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) created a multidisciplinary Task Force to draw evidence-based guidelines for patients with brain metastases from solid tumors. Here, we present these guidelines, which provide a consensus review of evidence and recommendations for diagnosis by neuroimaging and neuropathology, staging, prognostic factors, and different treatment options.

Diagnosis and treatment of primary CNS lymphoma in immunocompetent patients: guidelines from the European Association for Neuro-Oncology.

The management of primary CNS lymphoma is one of the most controversial topics in neuro-oncology because of the complexity of the disease and the very few controlled studies available. In 2013, the European Association of Neuro-Oncology created a multidisciplinary task force to establish evidence-based guidelines for immunocompetent adults with primary CNS lymphoma. In this Review, we present these guidelines, which provide consensus considerations and recommendations for diagnosis, assessment, staging, and treatment of primary CNS lymphoma.

Treatment of early stage non-small cell lung cancer: surgery or stereotactic ablative radiotherapy?

The management of early-stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) has improved recently due to advances in surgical and radiation modalities. Minimally-invasive procedures like Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy decreases the morbidity of surgery, while the numerous methods of staging the mediastinum such as endobronchial and endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsies are helping to achieve the objectives much more effectively. Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) has become the frontrunner as the standard of care in medically inoperable early stage NSCLC patients, and has also been branded as tolerable and highly effective.

V30 as a predictor for radiation-induced hypothyroidism: a dosimetric analysis in patients who received radiotherapy to the neck.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possible predictors of thyroid disorders after neck radiotherapy, with a focus on radiation dose-volume factors.

Methods: Thyroid function was measured in 100 patients who had received radiotherapy to the neck, including the thyroid. All radiation-induced thyroid dysfunctions were determined with an endpoint of abnormal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3) and thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies and (TPA).

Critical appraisal of RapidArc radiosurgery with flattening filter free photon beams for benign brain lesions in comparison to GammaKnife: a treatment planning study.

Background: To evaluate the role of RapidArc (RA) for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of benign brain lesions in comparison to GammaKnife (GK) based technique.

Methods: Twelve patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS, n = 6) or cavernous sinus meningioma (CSM, n = 6) were planned for both SRS using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) by RA. 104 MV flattening filter free photon beams with a maximum dose rate of 2400 MU/min were selected.

The benefit of whole brain reirradiation in patients with multiple brain metastases.

Background: To assess the outcomes, symptom palliation and survival rates in patients who received repeat whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT).

Methods: Twenty-eight patients who had progression of brain metastasis received a second course of WBRT. Univariate log-rank testing and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to determine the factors for death among several variables (cumulative BED [BEDcumulative], primary tumor site, Karnofsky performance scale [KPS], previous SRS, number of metastases and absence of extracranial metastases).

A European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer phase III trial of adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy versus observation in patients with one to three brain metastases from solid tumors after surgical resection or radiosurgery: quality-of-life results.

Purpose: This phase III trial compared adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) with observation after either surgery or radiosurgery of a limited number of brain metastases in patients with stable solid tumors. Here, we report the health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) results.

Patients And Methods: HRQOL was a secondary end point in the trial.

Temozolomide versus standard 6-week radiotherapy versus hypofractionated radiotherapy in patients older than 60 years with glioblastoma: the Nordic randomised, phase 3 trial.

Background: Most patients with glioblastoma are older than 60 years, but treatment guidelines are based on trials in patients aged only up to 70 years. We did a randomised trial to assess the optimum palliative treatment in patients aged 60 years and older with glioblastoma.

Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma were recruited from Austria, Denmark, France, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and Turkey.

The effect of magnesium and vitamin E pre-treatments on irradiation-induced oxidative injury of cardiac and pulmonary tissues in rats: a randomized experimental study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-treatment with the free radical scavenging molecules, magnesium and vitamin E, on lipid peroxidation to limit radiation-induced heart and lung injury.

Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups by a simple randomization method as saline-treated control (n=4), saline-treated irradiated (IR; n=6), magnesium sulphate-treated irradiation (IR) (Mg+IR; n=6) and vitamin E-treated IR (vit E+IR; n=6), respectively. The animals were given either saline, Mg (600 mg/kg/day) or vit E (100 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally for five days prior to irradiation.

Concomitant chemoradiotherapy with low-dose weekly gemcitabine for nonmetastatic unresectable pancreatic cancer.

Background/aims: This study aimed to demonstrate the efficacy and tolerability of low-dose weekly gemcitabine as a radiosensitizer in unresectable pancreatic cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy.

Methods: Twenty-four histologically confirmed pancreatic carcinoma patients (female/male: 10/14, median age: 60) were evaluated. Seven (29%) patients received gemcitabine either as a single agent or in combination prior to chemoradiotherapy.

The impact of early percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement on treatment completeness and nutritional status in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients receiving chemoradiotherapy.

To investigate the impact of early insertion of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy-tube on nutritional status and completeness of concurrent chemotherapy in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy. Twenty-three patients were enrolled into this prospective study. Gastrostomy-tube was inserted in patients before the initiation of chemoradiotherapy.

Information for decision making by patients with early-stage prostate cancer: a comparison across 9 countries.

Purpose: To describe decisional roles of patients with early-stage prostate cancer in 9 countries and to compare the information they rated important for decision making (DM).

Method: A survey of recently treated patients was conducted in Canada, Italy, England, Germany, Poland, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain, and Turkey. Participants indicated their decisional role in their actual decision and the role they would prefer now.

Adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy versus observation after radiosurgery or surgical resection of one to three cerebral metastases: results of the EORTC 22952-26001 study.

Purpose: This European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer phase III trial assesses whether adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) increases the duration of functional independence after surgery or radiosurgery of brain metastases.

Patients And Methods: Patients with one to three brain metastases of solid tumors (small-cell lung cancer excluded) with stable systemic disease or asymptomatic primary tumors and WHO performance status (PS) of 0 to 2 were treated with complete surgery or radiosurgery and randomly assigned to adjuvant WBRT (30 Gy in 10 fractions) or observation (OBS). The primary end point was time to WHO PS deterioration to more than 2.

Efficacy of protracted dose-dense temozolomide in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma.

The current standard therapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma is multimodal, comprising surgical resection plus radiotherapy and concurrent temozolomide, then adjuvant temozolomide for 6 months. This has been shown to provide survival benefits; however, the prognosis for these patients remains poor, and most relapse. The objective of this prospective Phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of protracted, dose-dense temozolomide therapy (100 mg/m(2) for 21 consecutive days of a 28-day cycle) in patients with recurrent glioblastoma or grade 3 gliomas who had previously received standard therapy.

Prophylactic feeding with immune-enhanced diet ameliorates chemoradiation-induced gastrointestinal injury in rats.

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of immune-enhanced diet (IED) on chemoradiation-induced injury of the gastrointestinal mucosa.

Materials And Methods: Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (C, n=6), irradiation (IR, n=14), fluoropyrimidine (5-FU, n=14)-treated, IR + 5-FU (n=14)-treated groups. Half of each irradiated and/or 5-FU-treated groups were previously fed with IED containing arginine, omega-3-fatty acids and RNA fragments, while the other half were fed a standard rat diet (SD) for eight days before the induction of IR or injection of 5-FU.

Outcomes of gamma knife treatment for solid intracranial hemangioblastomas.

The aim of this study was to examine the results of gamma knife radiosurgery for 13 patients with residual/recurrent or newly diagnosed solid hemangioblastomas. The 13 patients had 34 solid hemangioblastomas, and all patients underwent gamma knife radiosurgery. Seven patients had von Hippel-Lindau disease and six had sporadic disease.

T4N0M0 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients: do they have a distinct tumor biology?

Objectives: To investigate the clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes of non-metastatic T4N0 nasopharyngeal cancer patients, and to compare them with other stage IVA subgroups of patients.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective analysis of 775 non-metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer patients, treated in four radiotherapy centers between 1990 and 2005, was undertaken. Among 197 stage IVA patients, 90 (11.