Epidemiology and economic burden of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the United States: a literature review.

This review sought to gain a comprehensive, up-to-date understanding of the epidemiology and cost and healthcare resource use (HCRU) burden of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the US, at a patient and national level. A targeted literature review (TLR) to identify epidemiological evidence (prevalence, incidence, mortality, survival), and systematic literature review (SLR) to identify cost and HCRU data published since January 2016, were performed. MEDLINE databases and Embase searches were conducted in January 2021.

Direct and indirect costs of heart failure in relation to diabetes status - A nationwide study.

Background And Aim: Heart failure (HF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are burdensome chronic diseases with high lifetime risks and numerous studies indicate associations between HF and DM. The objective of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect costs of HF patients with and without DM.

Methods And Results: Patients with a first-time diagnosis of HF from 1998 to 2016 were identified through nationwide Danish registries and stratified according to DM status into HF with or without DM.

Characteristics of newly diagnosed adults with type 1 diabetes in the UK and evolution of glycaemic control, body mass index and Charlson comorbidity index over the first 5 years after diagnosis.

Aims: This retrospective, longitudinal study characterised 2430 adults (mean age 40.8±16.1years) with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D) over the first 5years of insulin treatment.

The economic burden of heart failure in Denmark from 1998 to 2016.

Background: Heart failure (HF) imposes a large burden on both the individual and the society. The aim of this study was to investigate the economic burden (either direct or indirect costs) attributed to patients with HF before, at, and after time of diagnosis.

Methods And Results: Using Danish nationwide registries we identified all patients > 18 years with a first-time diagnosis of HF from 1998-2016 and matched them 1:1 with a control group from the background population on age, gender, marital status, and educational level.

Liraglutide Versus SGLT-2 Inhibitors in People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: For people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) inadequately controlled with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs), evidence from both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and real-world studies has demonstrated that treatment intensification with liraglutide offers effective glycemic control, weight reduction, and a lower risk of hypoglycemia compared to treatment intensification with insulin or additional OADs. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are a new class of OADs that have also been shown to be effective in T2DM patients inadequately controlled with OADs. Currently there are no head-to-head RCTs comparing these to liraglutide.

Clinical Effectiveness of Liraglutide vs Sitagliptin on Glycemic Control and Body Weight in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Assessment in Sweden.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to use real-world data from Swedish primary-care and national registries to understand clinical outcomes in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with liraglutide in clinical practice, and to compare with data from those treated with sitagliptin.

Methods: This was a non-interventional, retrospective study conducted between February 2014 and September 2014 using T2D patient data from Swedish primary-care centers and national healthcare registries. The primary objective was to assess the effectiveness of liraglutide in control of glycemia and body weight in clinical practice (stage 1).

Investigating the Evidence of the Real-Life Impact of Acute Hyperglycaemia.

Unlabelled: Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with the development of long-term micro- and macro-vascular complications. The predominant focus of anti-diabetic therapy has been on lowering glycosylated haemoglobin levels, with a strong emphasis on fasting plasma glucose (particularly in Type 2 DM). There is considerable evidence indicating that post-meal hyperglycaemic levels are independently associated with higher risks of macro-vascular disease.

Willingness to pay for improvements in chronic long-acting insulin therapy in individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Long-acting insulin treatments with varying clinical benefits are currently available for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The current evidence base demonstrates the efficacy of treatments, but it is critical also to understand patient preferences regarding treatments and how they are determined.

Objective: This study aimed to measure the willingness to pay (WTP) of individuals with diabetes in the United Kingdom for different attributes of long-acting insulin therapy.

Impact of obesity and type 2 diabetes on health-related quality of life in the general population in England.

Background: Weight gain can contribute towards the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and some treatments for T2D can lead to weight gain. The aim of this study was to determine whether having T2D and also being obese had a greater or lesser impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than having either of the two conditions alone.

Methods: The 2003 dataset of the Health Survey for England (HSE) was analyzed using multiple regression analyses to examine the influence of obesity and T2D on HRQoL, and to determine whether there was any interaction between these two disutilities.