Infant Caudate Lobe Injury With Retroperitoneal Hematoma: A Case Report.

Liver injury, especially caudate lobe injury, is an extremely rare form of injury in infants. In most cases, liver injury results in intraperitoneal hemorrhage when the capsule is ruptured, and circulatory dynamics deteriorate early. Caudate lobe injuries, however, often present with a high retroperitoneal hematoma.

Contrast Echocardiogram for the Evaluation of Streaming in a Single-Ventricle Patient.

In cases involving single ventricles, predicting streaming characteristics is difficult. Unfavorable streaming can cause decreased oxygen saturation. Judging whether desaturation results from decreased pulmonary flow or unfavorable streaming is critical.

Inherited catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia due to RYR2 mutation.

We report the case of an 11-year-old boy who was diagnosed with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). The patient had a medical history of three episodes of syncope. The last episode was cardiac arrest while swimming.

Postoperative complications associated with extubation strategies following palatoplasty: a single-center retrospective analysis.

Purpose: Palatoplasty carries a high risk of airway obstruction as a postoperative complication. Since 2007, the protocol in our hospital has been to leave an endotracheal tube in place after surgery while the patient is moved to the pediatric intensive care unit. Extubation is then performed after achievement of hemostasis and recovery of consciousness.

Hemodynamic changes in child acute respiratory distress syndrome with airway pressure release ventilation: a case series.

Background: Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) is widely used in adult critical care settings. However, information on the use of APRV in the pediatric population is limited.

Methods: All patients admitted to the medical-surgical pediatric intensive care unit with a diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who received APRV for at least 12 h between 2007 and 2009 were reviewed.

Secondary pseudohypoaldosteronism causing cardiopulmonary arrest and cholelithiasis.

A 4-month-old boy presented with cardiopulmonary arrest on arrival after a brief period of lethargy. Laboratory examination indicated severe hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, metabolic acidosis, and slightly elevated C-reactive protein. Whole body computed tomography identified left-dominant hydronephrosis, hydroureter and cholelithiasis.

Mechanically ventilated children with 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1: results from the National Pediatric Intensive Care Registry in Japan.

Objective: To outline the characteristics, clinical course, and outcome of pediatric patients requiring mechanical ventilation with influenza A/H1N1 infection in Japan.

Design: Prospective case registry analysis.

Setting: Eleven pediatric or general intensive care units in Japan.

Incidence and risk factors for mortality in paediatric severe sepsis: results from the national paediatric intensive care registry in Japan.

Purpose: To assess the incidence, background, outcome and risk factors for death of severe sepsis in Japanese paediatric intensive care units (PICUs).

Methods: A data analysis of a prospective, multicentre, 3-year case registry from nine medical-surgical Japanese PICUs. Children with severe sepsis, aged 0-15 years, who were consecutively admitted to the participating PICUs from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2009 were enrolled.

Survey of Japanese infants younger than 3 months who were treated with oseltamivir for influenza: safety of oseltamivir treatment.

Background: Young infants with influenza virus infection are frequently hospitalized, and are at risk of serious complications including death. With the emergence of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009, oseltamivir was approved for use in Europe and the USA, including use in infants aged < 3 months. However, few data are available regarding the safety of oseltamivir treatment for influenza in infants aged < 3 months.

[Family issues around brain death in children].

Introducing brain death of children in Japan, there are three major concerns such as a) difficulty of diagnosing brain death in children, b) difficulty of taking care of family of the brain dead, c) difficulty of eliminating child abuse victims from donors, which are expressed by hospitals and health care providers. These issues are strongly connected to scarce resources of pediatric intensive care medicine and PICUs in Japan. They handle most of these tasks in the United States.

Capillary and arterial blood gases in hemorrhagic shock: a comparative study.

Objectives: To determine whether capillary blood gas samples accurately reflect the information obtained from arterial blood gas samples in a porcine hemorrhagic shock model.

Design: Randomized prospective study.

Setting: Animal research laboratory at a children's hospital.