MicroRNA-34a-5p: A pivotal therapeutic target in gallbladder cancer.

Gallbladder cancer incidence has been increasing globally, and it remains challenging to expect long prognosis with the current systemic chemotherapy. We identified a novel nucleic acid-mediated therapeutic target against gallbladder cancer by using innovative organoid-based gallbladder cancer models generated from ; mice. Using comprehensive microRNA expression analyses and a bioinformatics approach, we identified significant microRNA-34a-5p downregulation in both murine gallbladder cancer organoids and resected human gallbladder cancer specimens.

Fasting hepatic insulin clearance reflects postprandial hepatic insulin clearance: a brief report.

Background: Hepatic insulin clearance (HIC) is an important pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). HIC was reported to decrease in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. HIC is originally calculated by post-load insulin and C-peptide from the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Analysis of an antioxidative defence system of hydrogen peroxide-treated pancreatic islet-derived 1.1B4 cells and siRNA targeting NR4A3-treated cells by microarray.

Pancreatic islet β-cells weaken under oxidative stress. In this study, human pancreatic islet-derived 1.1B4 cells were exposed to HO and analysed using a human microarray, which revealed that (, , , () and were upregulated, whereas and were not.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 polymorphism is an important gene for insulin resistance in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an important enzyme involved in alcohol metabolism. ALDH2 polymorphism has been reported as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is associated with liver insulin resistance due to alcohol consumption in non-diabetic individuals. Herein, we investigated the association between ALDH2 polymorphisms and insulin resistance in patients with T2DM.

Significance of pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 () genetic polymorphism in insulin secretion in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor-1 () is an imperative gene for insulin secretion in maturity-onset diabetes of the young 4. gene polymorphism was associated with lower first-phase insulin secretion in a genome-wide association study of intravenous glucose tolerance test. It was not associated with type 2 diabetes risk and insulin secretion in a genome-wide oral glucose tolerance test study.

Double guidewire technique stabilization procedure for endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy involving modifying the guidewire angle at the insertion site.

Background And Aims: Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) is often performed using a single guidewire (SGW), but the efficacy of the double guidewire (DGW) technique during endoscopic ultrasonography-guided biliary drainage has been reported. We evaluated the efficacy of the DGW technique for EUS-HGS, focusing on the guidewire angle at the insertion site.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients who underwent EUS-HGS between April 2012 and March 2021.

Endoscopic removal of proximally migrated stents using a double-balloon enteroscope in patients with bowel reconstruction (with video).

Endoscopic migrated stent removal using a balloon-assisted enteroscope is technically difficult in patients with bowel reconstruction. We report the treatment outcomes and endoscopic removal methods for migrated stents using a double-balloon enteroscope (DBE). We retrospectively studied 12 patients with stent migration into the main pancreatic duct (MPD) or bile duct who underwent bowel reconstruction between January 2012 and June 2020.

The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor ipragliflozin improves liver function and insulin resistance in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) treatment is a therapeutic approach for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Some reports have shown that SGLT2i treatment improves insulin resistance; however, few studies have evaluated insulin resistance by the glucose clamp method. Hepatic insulin clearance (HIC) is a new pathophysiological mechanism of T2DM.

Optimization of Isolation Method for Extracellular Vesicles from Pancreatic Juice and Impact of Protease Activity.

Backgrounds: Pancreatic juice (PJ) is directly associated with pancreatic lesions, including pancreatic ductal cancer and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm-derived cancer. Therefore, EVs secreted from these lesions into PJ can be promising biomarkers for early diagnosis. However, there are limited data from analysis of EVs in PJ samples.

Extracellular vesicle-shuttled miRNAs as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and their potential roles in gallbladder cancer patients.

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in serum extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a promising biomarker in cancer. We aimed to elucidate the serum EVs miRNA biomarkers to identify patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC) and to clarify their potential roles. One hundred nineteen serum EVs from GBC and non-GBC individuals were isolated by pure-EVs-yieldable size-exclusion chromatography, and then were analyzed using a comprehensive miRNAs array and RT-qPCR-based validation.

Risk Factors for the Development of High-risk Stigmata in Branch-duct Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms.

Objective Strict follow-up is recommended for branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMNs) to avoid missing the development of high-risk stigmata (HRS) at a premalignant stage. This study explored the risk factors associated with the development of HRS during follow-up. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 283 patients with BD-IPMN, treated at Okayama University Hospital in Japan between January 2009 and December 2016.

Free advanced glycation end product distribution in blood components and the effect of genetic polymorphisms.

One hypothesis regarding the cause of diabetic complications is that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) bind to the AGE receptor and induce changes in gene expression. However, what AGEs exist in vivo and how individual AGEs are produced and impact body metabolic process to cause diabetes complications are not understood. We developed a new precise method to measure AGEs using LC-MS/MS with a new column and measured 7 free AGEs, including N(6)-carboxymethyllysine (CML), N(6)-(1-carboxyethyl)-l-lysine (CEL) and N5-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)L-ornithine (MG-H1), in human blood components.

Efficacy of low dose rectal diclofenac for preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: Propensity score-matched analysis.

Background: Acute pancreatitis is a major adverse event of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Rectal administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) decreases the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). However, the efficacy of low dose rectal NSAIDs for preventing PEP remains controversial.

Outcomes of endoscopic treatment for malignant biliary obstruction in patients with surgically altered anatomy: analysis of risk factors for clinical failure.

Background: To evaluate the outcomes of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) using short-type double-balloon enteroscope (sDBE) in patients with surgically altered anatomy.

Methods: A total of 45 patients with surgically altered anatomy underwent ERCP using sDBE for the treatment of MBO between April 2011 and March 2019. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and technical success (insertion and biliary intervention success), adverse events, and risk factors for clinical failure.

Correction: Serum fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) concentration is associated with insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, A clinical study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Body mass index ≥23 is a risk factor for insulin resistance and diabetes in Japanese people: A brief report.

Background: Screening for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus is recommended for Asian Americans with a body mass index ≥23. However, the optimal body mass index cut-off score for predicting the risk of diabetes mellitus in Japanese people is not well known. The aim of this study was to determine the best body mass index cut-off score for predicting insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in the Japanese population.

CPR-IR is an insulin resistance index that is minimally affected by hepatic insulin clearance-A preliminary research.

Background: Increased hepatic insulin clearance (HIC) is important in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study is to analyze an effective insulin resistance (IR) index that is minimally affected by HIC.

Methods: Our study involved 20 participants with T2DM and 21 healthy participants without diabetes (Non-DM).

Biomass Potential of Virgin and Calcined Tapioca (Cassava Starch) for the Removal of Sr(II) and Cs(I) from Aqueous Solutions.

In this study, we prepared novel adsorbents containing virgin and calcined tapioca products for removing strontium (Sr(II)) and cesium (Cs(I)) from aqueous solutions. The characteristics of tapioca, along with its capacity to adsorb Sr(II) and Cs(I), were evaluated. Multiple tapioca products were prepared and tested.

High Serum Advanced Glycation End Products Are Associated with Decreased Insulin Secretion in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Brief Report.

Objective: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are important in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). They directly cause insulin secretory defects in animal and cell culture models and may promote insulin resistance in nondiabetic subjects. We have developed a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for measuring AGEs in human serum.

Serum fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) concentration is associated with insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, A clinical study.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is caused by insulin resistance and β cell dysfunction. In recent studies reported that several markers associated with insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, Adiponectin and other parameters, such as fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4), have been reported to regulate insulin resistance, but it remains unclear which factor mostly affects insulin resistance in T2DM. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the relationships between several kinds of biomarkers and insulin resistance, and insulin secretion in T2DM and healthy controls.