Development of a prognostic model incorporating a cuproptosis-related signature and CNN3 as a predictor in childhood acute myelocytic leukemia.

Background: Childhood acute myeloid leukemia (cAML) is the second most common pediatric blood cancer, with high heterogeneity and poor prognosis. Recent studies have highlighted cuproptosis, a newly discovered form of programmed cell death triggered by the accumulation of intracellular copper ions, as a critical mechanism influencing cancer survival and resistance. Given its emerging role in cancer biology, we investigated cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in cAML to explore their potential in prognostic prediction and therapeutic targeting.

TRIM8 as a predictor for prognosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on a signature of neutrophil extracellular traps.

Background: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can be attributed to the metastasis, occurrence, and immune evasion of cancer cells. We investigated the prognostic value of NET-related genes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) patients.

Methods: Differential gene expression analysis was conducted on samples collected from public databases.

Genome-wide methylation and gene-expression analyses in thalassemia.

Thalassemia is the most common autosomal genetic disorder in humans. The pathogenesis of thalassemia is principally due to the deletion or mutation of globin genes that then leads to disorders in globin-chain synthesis, and its predominant clinical manifestations include chronic forms of hemolytic anemia. However, research on the epigenetics and underlying pathogenesis of thalassemia is in its nascency and not yet been systematically realized.

Surveillance and Outcomes of Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients During the Recent COVID-19 Outbreak in China.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic presents challenges for healthcare systems globally, especially in vulnerable populations such as pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. This study examines the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 infection in pediatric HSCT recipients within one year post-HSCT.

Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 247 pediatric patients.

A Retrospective Analysis of the Therapeutic Outcomes of 117 Neuroblastoma Patients Treated at a Single Pediatric Oncology Center in China.

Objective: Recent therapeutic advances have greatly enhanced the survival rates of patients with neuroblastoma (NB). However, the outcomes of neuroblastoma patients in China, particularly those with high-risk (HR) NB, remain limited.

Method: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and outcomes of NB patients who were treated at a tertiary pediatric cancer facility in China between January 2013 and October 2021.

Outcomes and Risk Factor Analysis of Plastic Bronchitis Among 321 Children with Influenza Pneumonia After Bronchoscopy Examination.

Background: Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a rare and severe lung disease. It can be triggered by influenza virus infection, which is a common respiratory infection in children. Bronchoscopy can aid in the early detection and treatment of PB.

Successful Treatment of Rare Pulmonary Infection in a 17-Year-Old Female After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report.

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are among the most severe complications in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients and in patients with hematological malignancies. An increasing number of uncommon fungal infections have been reported in this era of antifungal prophylaxis. is a rare pathogen that causes opportunistic infections in the immunocompromised patients, including HSCT recipients and is associated with very high mortality rates.

Multi-omics association analysis reveals interactions between the oropharyngeal microbiome and the metabolome in pediatric patients with influenza A virus pneumonia.

Children are at high risk for influenza A virus (IAV) infections, which can develop into severe illnesses. However, little is known about interactions between the microbiome and respiratory tract metabolites and their impact on the development of IAV pneumonia in children. Using a combination of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we analyzed the composition and metabolic profile of the oropharyngeal microbiota in 49 pediatric patients with IAV pneumonia and 42 age-matched healthy children.

circKL inhibits the growth and metastasis of kidney cancer by sponging miR‑182‑5p and upregulating FBXW7.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of non‑coding RNA with important roles in the regulation of various biological processes involved in malignant progression. However, the potential molecular mechanisms and roles of circRNAs in kidney cancer have remained to be fully elucidated. In a previous study by our group, high‑throughput microarray sequencing data were analyzed to determine the differentially expressed circRNAs in kidney cancer.

Cytomegalovirus Infection and the Implications of Drug-Resistant Mutations in Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Hospital in China.

Introduction: Drug-resistant cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains a challenge in the management of pediatric recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical data on pediatric recipients of HSCT and identified known and unknown drug-resistant CMV variants.

Methods: A total of 221 children underwent allogeneic HSCT between October 2017 and November 2019 at Shenzhen Children's Hospital; of these, 35 patients were suspected of having drug-resistant CMV infections and were tested for drug-resistant mutations in the UL97 and UL54 genes by Sanger sequencing.

c.3G>A mutation in the gene that causes fatal infantile hypertonic myofibrillar myopathy in the Chinese population.

Infantile hypertonic myofibrillar myopathy is characterized by the rapid development of rigid muscles and respiratory insufficiency soon after birth, with very high mortality. It is extremely rare, and only a few cases having been reported until now. Here we report four Chinese infants with fatal neuromuscular disorders characterized by abdominal and trunk skeletal muscle stiffness and rapid respiratory insufficiency progression.

Co-Transplantation of Haploidentical Stem Cells and a Dose of Unrelated Cord Blood in Pediatric Patients with Thalassemia Major.

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is a cure for patients suffering from thalassemia major (TM). Historically, patients were limited by the selection of donors, while the advancement of haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-SCT) has greatly expanded the donor pool. However, the outcomes of haplo-SCT in TM recipients vary between different programs.

Case Report: Myeloid Sarcoma Development During Treatment for B Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma in a Boy with KRAS/NRAS Gene Mutations.

Here, we report a rare case of a 12-year-old boy who was initially diagnosed with B cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (BLBL) and developed myeloid sarcoma (MS) eight months after chemotherapy. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) showed mutations of KRAS and NRAS genes in both the bone marrow and lymph node. He presented an abnormal karyotype of 46, XY, -9, der (16) t (9; 16) (q13; q12), +mar.

Identification and Treatment of Tuberculosis in Pediatric Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Background: Tuberculosis is a rare but life-threatening complication in patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Early identification and intervention are essential to prevent severe complications.

Case Presentation: We report two pediatric patients who developed tuberculosis after receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for thalassemia major among 330 recipients between January 2012 and August 2019.

Massive hydatid cysts in the lung and liver of a 4-year-old boy.

Hydatids may persist for years if left undiagnosed. Early identification is challenging, especially in patients from nonendemic regions. It is crucial for clinicians to be aware of the presence of the disease to avoid devastating outcomes.

Evaluation of the vitamin D and biomedical statuses of young children with β-thalassemia major at a single center in southern China.

Background: In young children, β-thalassemia major (β-TM) is associated with potentially severe clinical characteristics, including poor growth, feeding difficulties, hepatosplenomegaly, bone metabolic disorders, and skeletal abnormalities.

Methods: In this study, we reviewed the demographic and clinical characteristics (e.g.

Asymptomatic actinomycosis in a girl with thalassemia major.

We present a rare case of lung actinomycosis in a girl with thalassemia major with a competent immunological status. Chest computed tomography scans showed high intensity nodules in the right lower lung. Diagnosis was confirmed by revealing of actonomycetes from the staining of bronchoalveolar fluid.

Murine Skin-resident γδT Cells Impair the Immune Response to HSV in Skin.

Background: HSV is an important cause of brain infection. Virus entry is often through breeches in the skin. γδT cells play an immunoprotective role in mice after corneal, genital or footpad (subcutaneous) HSV infection.

Treg depletion attenuates the severity of skin disease from ganglionic spread after HSV-2 flank infection.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) attenuate lesion severity and disease after HSV ocular or genital infection, but their role in cutaneous infection remains unclear. Treg depletion (anti-CD25 mAb in C57BL/6 mice or diphtheria toxin (DT) in DEREG mice) prior to tk-deficient HSV-2 flank infection significantly decreased skin lesion severity, granulocyte receptor-1(Gr-1(+)) cell number, and chemokine (KC) expression in the secondary skin, but significantly increased immune effectors and chemokine expression (MCP-1, KC, VEGF-A) in the draining LN, and activated, interferon-γ producing CD8(+)T cells in the ganglia. Treg depletion also significantly reduced HSV-2 DNA in the ganglia.