The ionic liquid-assisted sample preparation method pTRUST allows sensitive proteome characterization of a variety of bacterial endospores to aid in the search for protein biomarkers.

Bacterial endospores are ubiquitous and are responsible for various human infections. Recently, we reported that an ionic liquid (IL)-based sample preparation method (named pTRUST) facilitated highly efficient shotgun analysis of the Bacillus subtilis spore proteome in trace samples. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency and applicability of the pTRUST technology using three different spore preparations: one purified from the closely related subspecies B.

Ionic liquid-assisted sample preparation mediates sensitive proteomic analysis of Bacillus subtilis spores.

Endospore-forming bacteria are ubiquitous. Bacterial endospores are multilayered proteinaceous structures that protects the bacterial genome during stress conditions. They are also responsible for a wide range of critical clinical infections in humans.

C9orf10/Ossa regulates the bone metastasis of established lung adenocarcinoma cell subline H322L-BO4 in a mouse model.

Lung cancer frequently metastasizes to the bones. An in vivo model is urgently required to identify potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer with bone metastasis. We established a lung adenocarcinoma cell subline (H322L-BO4) that specifically showed metastasis to the leg bones and adrenal glands.

Ruthenium Pyrazole Complexes: A Family of Highly Active Metallodrugs for Photoactivated Chemotherapy.

Ruthenium complexes bearing bis pyrazole (pzH) ligands, -[Ru(bpy)(R-pzH)] (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, R = -H, -Cl), were examined as photoactivated anticancer prodrugs. A dicationic pyrazole complex deprotonated to give monocationic pyrazole-pyrazolate complexes, [Ru(bpy)(R-pz)(R-pzH)], in an aqueous solution with p values of 9.5 and 7.

An ionic liquid-assisted sample preparation method for sensitive integral-membrane proteome analysis.

Many ion channels and receptor proteins are potential targets for new drugs. However, standard methods for profiling these integral membrane proteins (IMPs) have not been fully established, especially when applied to rare and quantity-limited biological samples. We previously demonstrated that a mixture containing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cyanate, an ionic liquid (IL), and NaOH (termed i-soln) is an excellent solubilizer for insoluble aggregates.

The prelimbic cortex but not the anterior cingulate cortex plays an important role in social recognition and social investigation in mice.

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been implicated in social cognitive functions and emotional behaviors in rodents. Each subregion (prelimbic cortex, PL; infralimbic cortex; and anterior cingulate cortex, ACC) of the PFC appears to play a different role in social and emotional behaviors. However, previous investigations have produced inconsistent data, and few previous studies directly compared the roles of the PFC subregions using the same experimental paradigm.

Testosterone interrupts binding of Neurexin and Neuroligin that are expressed in a highly socialized rodent, Octodon degus.

Octodon degus is said to be one of the most human-like rodents because of its improved cognitive function. Focusing on its high sociality, we cloned and characterized some sociality-related genes of degus, in order to establish degus as a highly socialized animal model in molecular biology. We cloned degus Neurexin and Neuroligin as sociality-related genes, which are genetically related to autism spectrum disorder in human.

Auditory-induced visual illusions in rodents measured by spontaneous behavioural response.

When two brief sounds are presented with a short flash of light, we often perceive that the flash blinks twice. This phenomenon, called the "sound-induced flash illusion", has been investigated as an example of how humans finely integrate multisensory information, more specifically, the temporal content of perception. However, it is unclear whether nonhuman animals experience the illusion.

Effects of intraperitoneal and intracerebroventricular injections of oxytocin on social and emotional behaviors in pubertal male mice.

Oxytocin plays important roles in the social and emotional behaviors of mammals. In the present study, we examined the effects of intraperitoneal (IP) and intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of oxytocin on these behaviors in pubertal male mice. Male C57BL/6J mice received IP injection of oxytocin (high-dose group: 1 mg/kg, low-dose group: 0.

An Ionic Liquid-Based Sample Preparation Method for Next-Stage Aggregate Proteomic Analysis.

A wide variety of proteomic methods have been applied for protein profiling of insoluble aggregates or inclusion bodies deposited in various cells or tissues. However, these are essentially optimized or modified classical protein chemistry techniques using conventional denaturing agents such as formic acid, urea, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The use of these denaturants has several shortcomings, including limited solubilization, contamination, and restrictions on absolute sample quantity and throughput.

Homophilic complex formation of CDCP1 via the extracellular CUB2 domain facilitates SFK activation and promotes cancer cell migration.

CUB domain‑containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is phosphorylated by Src family kinases (SFK), and is thought to serve an important role in tumor metastasis through downstream signaling subsequent to its interaction with protein kinase C δ. The present study investigated the mechanisms of activation for CDCP1 signaling, and demonstrated that CDCP1 is able to activate SFK via a homophilic complex of the extracellular complement C1r/C1s, urchin embryonic growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein 1 (CUB) 2 domain. Deletion of the extracellular CDCP1 region abolished homophilic complex formation of CDCP1 and the ability to promote cancer cell migration.

Influence of Pre-Weaning Social Isolation on Post-Weaning Emotion Tendency and Mother-Infant Interactions in Infant .

Our previous research using (degus) revealed that preweaning social isolation negatively affected object exploratory behavior. However, it remains unknown how social isolation affects animal psychology and other behaviors. The present study examined the effects of neonatal social isolation on degu emotion and mother-infant interactions before and after weaning.

Novel small molecule inhibiting CDCP1-PKCδ pathway reduces tumor metastasis and proliferation.

CUB domain-containing protein-1 (CDCP1) is a trans-membrane protein predominantly expressed in various cancer cells and involved in tumor progression. CDCP1 is phosphorylated at tyrosine residues in the intracellular domain by Src family kinases and recruits PKCδ to the plasma membrane through tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent association with the C2 domain of PKCδ, which in turn induces a survival signal in an anchorage-independent condition. In this study, we used our cell-free screening system to identify a small compound, glycoconjugated palladium complex (Pd-Oqn), which significantly inhibited the interaction between the C2 domain of PKCδ and phosphorylated CDCP1.

TRIM32-Cytoplasmic-Body Formation Is an ATP-Consuming Process Stimulated by HSP70 in Cells.

The spontaneous and energy-releasing reaction of protein aggregation is typically prevented by cellular quality control machinery (QC). TRIM32 is a member of the TRIM (tripartite motif-containing) ubiquitin E3 ligases, and when overexpressed in cultured cells, readily forms spherical inclusions designated as cytoplasmic bodies (CBs) even without proteasome inhibition. Here, we show that HSP70, a central QC component, is a primary binding factor of overexpressed TRIM32.

[The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in delayed reinforcement choice in rats].

Previous studies have reported that lesions of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in rats induce impulsive choices in delayed reinforcement tasks. However, some studies have suggested that the OFC is not related to impulsivity but instead to compulsivity. In this study, we investigated the effects of OFC lesions on choice in a T-maze.

Augmentation of invadopodia formation in temozolomide-resistant or adopted glioma is regulated by c-Jun terminal kinase-paxillin axis.

Temozolomide (TMZ) is one of the few effective anticancer agents against gliomas. However, acquisition of TMZ resistance or adaptation by gliomas is currently a crucial problem, especially increased invasiveness which is critical for the determination of clinical prognosis. This study investigated the molecular regulatory mechanisms of TMZ resistance in gliomas involved in invasiveness, particularly invadopodia formation, a molecular complex formed at the invasive front to cause extracellular matrix degradation during cellular local invasion.

Oncogenic Ras/ERK signaling activates CDCP1 to promote tumor invasion and metastasis.

Unlabelled: Involvement of Ras in cancer initiation is known, but recent evidence indicates a role in cancer progression, including metastasis and invasion; however, the mechanism is still unknown. In this study, it was determined that human lung cancer cells with Ras mutations, among other popular mutations, showed significantly higher expression of CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) than those without. Furthermore, activated Ras clearly induced CDCP1, whereas CDCP1 knockdown or inhibition of CDCP1 phosphorylation by Src-directed therapy abrogated anoikis resistance, migration, and invasion induced by activated-Ras.

Flotillin-1 regulates oncogenic signaling in neuroblastoma cells by regulating ALK membrane association.

Neuroblastomas harbor mutations in the nonreceptor anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in 8% to 9% of cases where they serve as oncogenic drivers. Strategies to reduce ALK activity offer clinical interest based on initial findings with ALK kinase inhibitors. In this study, we characterized phosphotyrosine-containing proteins associated with ALK to gain mechanistic insights in this setting.

Suppression of autophagy by CUB domain-containing protein 1 signaling is essential for anchorage-independent survival of lung cancer cells.

CUB (C1r/C1s, urchin embryonic growth factor, BMP1) domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) has been implicated in promoting metastasis of cancer cells through several mechanisms, including the inhibition of anoikis, which is cell death triggered by the loss of extracellular matrix interactions. However, the mechanism inhibiting cell death regulated by CDCP1 remains elusive. Inhibition of CDCP1 expression using small interfering RNA (siRNA) induced the cell death of suspended cancer cells without cleaving caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis; cell death was not inhibited by a general caspase inhibitor, suggesting that the loss of CDCP1 induces caspase-independent cell death.

CDCP1 regulates the function of MT1-MMP and invadopodia-mediated invasion of cancer cells.

Complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1 (CUB) domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is a transmembrane protein that regulates anchorage-independent growth and cancer cell migration and invasion. Expression of CDCP1 is detected in a number of cancer cell lines and tissues and is closely correlated with poor prognosis. Invadopodia are actin-based protrusions on the surface of invasive cancer cells that promote the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) via localized proteolysis, which is mainly mediated by membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP).

Roles of CUB domain-containing protein 1 signaling in cancer invasion and metastasis.

Tumor metastasis is a complex multistep process by which cells from the primary tumor invade tissues, move through the vasculature, settle at distant sites and eventually grow to form secondary tumors. Altered tyrosine phosphorylation signals in cancer cells contribute to a number of aberrant characteristics involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is a substrate of Src family kinases and has been shown to regulate anoikis resistance, migration and matrix degradation during tumor invasion and metastasis in a tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent manner.

Hippocampus lesions induced deficits in social and spatial recognition in Octodon degus.

Previous studies of rodents reported that the hippocampus plays an important role in social behavior as well as spatial behavior. However, there are inconsistencies between reports of the effects of hippocampal lesions on social behavior. The present study sought to clarify the aspects of social behavior in which the hippocampus plays a role in the degu, Octodon degus, a social rodent.